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. 2021 Jan 5;5(1):1–18. doi: 10.15698/cst2021.01.239

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Copyright: © 2021 Shen et al.

This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.

This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.

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(A) adjustable gastric banding (AGB); (B) vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG); (C) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB); and (D) biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPDDS).