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. 2021 Jan 5;5(1):1–18. doi: 10.15698/cst2021.01.239

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Copyright: © 2021 Shen et al.

This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.

This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.

PMC Copyright notice

Bile acids are synthesized in liver through two pathways: the classic pathway and the alternative pathway. CYP7A1 initializes the classic pathway, while CYP27A1 initializes the alternative pathway. CYP8B1 regulates the CA synthesis in the classic pathway, and is the only enzyme catalyzing the CA synthesis. In the intestine, primary bile acid CA and CDCA are metabolized by the gut microbiota to produce the secondary bile acids, DCA and LCA, respectively.