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. 2020 Jul 20;30(12):1109–1126. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0378-6

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© Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a t-SNE plots showing the developmental stages (left) and clusters (right) of human (H) and mouse (M) endoderm-derived cells. b t-SNE plots showing the distinct clusters of ID3⁺ and ID3^– hepatoblasts in the W5 human (H-W5) and E11.5 mouse (M-E11.5) fetal livers. c The proportion of ID3⁺ cells in human (H) and mouse (M) hepatoblasts/hepatocytes at different developmental time points. d Differentially expressed genes in W5 human (H-W5) and E11.5 mouse (M-E11.5) ID3⁺ and ID3^– hepatoblasts. Each column represents a cell type and each row represents a gene. The TFs associated with each cell type are listed on the right. The color scheme is the same as b. e t-SNE plots showing the expression levels of marker genes. f Immunofluorescence showing the expression and distribution of ID3 and HNF4A in the W5 human (H-W5) and E11.5 mouse (M-E11.5) fetal livers. The arrowheads indicate ID3⁺ hepatoblasts. Scale bars, 60 μm. g The morphology of cultured hepatocytes (after 6-day culture from NCAM1⁺DLK⁺ hepatoblasts) and cholangiocyte tissue (after 10-day culture from NCAM1⁺DLK⁺ hepatoblasts). Scale bars, 20 μm. h Immunofluorescence showing the expression and distribution of HNF4A and SOX9 in cultured hepatocytes (upper) and cholangiocytes (lower), respectively. Scale bars, 15 μm.