Fig. 1.

a Lung-specific effects of NMP4 during IAV infection. Local induction of Ccl2, Ccl7, and Cxcl1, intrapulmonary recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils and subsequent development of immunopathology during IAV infection are driven by Nmp4. Development and mobilization of monocytes and neutrophils were not affected by Nmp4 deficiency, which was characterized by comparable levels of monocytes and neutrophils in the bone marrow and blood. b Cell-specific effects of NMP4 on viral ligand stimulation. Nmp4 drives induction of Ccl2 and Cxcl1 in murine lung epithelial cells and induction of Ccl7 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages upon poly(I:C)-mediated agonistic stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3