Table 2.

Commonly used management strategies for CART cell toxicities

CRS management strategy	Mechanism	Advantages	Disadvantages
Supportive care	Treats symptoms of hypotension and hypoxia with IV fluids, vasopressors, and positive pressure oxygen	Effective in maintaining organ function and preventing further damage	Does not address root cause
Tocilizumab	Blocks IL-6-mediated effects; IL-6 is a key CRS-associated cytokine	Rapidly reverses CRS, targets specific cytokines involved in CRS cascade	Does not cross blood–brain barrier—ineffective for treating neurotoxicity
Steroids	Nonspecific immunosuppression reduces inflammation	Effective in many tocilizumab-refractory CRS cases	Non-targeted immunosuppression may limit CART efficacy and persistence