Table 2.
Sensitivity and specificity of different antibody tests conducted globally*
| Source | Antibody test | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|
| South America | |||
| Castro et al14 | Meta-analysis | IgM, 82%; IgG, 97% | IgM, 97%; IgG, 98% |
| Austria | |||
| Bundschuh et al15 | EDI | 5–10 days: IgM, 37.1%; IgG, 37.1% >5–10 days: IgM, 76.4%; IgG, 82.4% |
– |
| Egger et al16 | Elecsys and IgM/IgG EDI | 94%−100% | – |
| Traugott et al17 | ELISA and RDT | 80% | IgA, 83%; IgG, 98%; IgM, 97% |
| France | |||
| Tuaillon et al18 | RDT and ELISA | 1–7 days: 50% >14 days: 80%–100% |
– |
| Demey et al19 | RDT | >10 days: 60%–80% >14 days: 100% |
– |
| Nicol et al20 | Abbott Architect, Euroimmun, and LFIA | >14 days: 80% | – |
| Germany | |||
| Kohmer et al21 | Abbott Architect, Roche Cobas, LIAISON XL, VIRCLIA | 66.7%–89% | – |
| Haselmann et al22 | Roche, Euroimmun, and Epitope | 92.3%–100% | 84%–100% |
| Finland | |||
| Jääskeläinen et al23 | Abbott Architect, Diasorin Liaison, Euroimmun, Acro Biotech, and Xiamen Biotime Biotechnology | 68.3%–97.5% | 43.8%–81.3% |
| Belgium | |||
| Montesinos et al24 | Maglumi, Euroimmun, and RDT | 64.3%–94% | – |
| Meschi et al25 | Abbott Architect | 7 days: 8.3%–58.3%; 14 days: 61.9%–85.7%; >14 days: 100% |
– |
| Bonelli et al26 | LIAISON | 5 days: 91.3%; 15 days: 95.7% |
– |
| Spain | |||
| Serrano et al27 | Euroimmun, Hangzhou Alltest Biotech, Wuhan UNscience Biotechnology and Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech | 81.2%–100% | 80.6%–100% |
| Pérez-García et al28 | AllTest | >14 days: 88% | – |
| China | |||
| Zhang et al29 | SARS-CoV-2 envelope nucleocapsid proteins | 52% | – |
| Shen et al30 | Colloidal gold immunochromatography (RDT) | 71% | 96.2% |
| Taiwan and Singapore | |||
| Wu et al31 | Alltest, Dynamiker, ASK, and Wondfo | >21 days: 100% | >21 days: 100% |
| Chew et al32 | Abbott Architect | 6 days: 8.6%; 7–14 days: 84%; 14–20 days: 84.4% |
– |
*
Positive controls were COVID-19 patients with varying clinical severity in symptoms.