Table 2.
Quantitative phytochemical analysis of S. areira L. extracts.
| Metabolite | Reference compound | Assay | Reference | RC | Maceration |
Soxhlet |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEX | DCM | EA | MET | AQ | HEX | DCM | EA | MET | AQ | |||||
| Carbohydrates | Glucose | Molisch | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | +++ | +++ | – | – | – | +++ | +++ |
| Benedict | Morsy, 2014 | ++ | – | – | ± | +++ | ++ | – | – | – | +++ | ++ | ||
| Proteins and amino acids | Albumin | Ninhydrin | Morsy, 2014 | ++ | – | – | – | ++ | +++ | – | – | – | ++ | +++ |
| Biuret | Obasi et al. 2010 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Alkaloids | Atropine | Dragendorff | Obasi et al. 2010 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mayer | Obasi et al. 2010 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Wagner | Obasi et al. 2010 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Steroids and terpenoids | Cholesterol | Liebermann-Burchard | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | – | – | +++ | ++ | + | – | – |
| Salkowski | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Saponins | Saponin | Foam | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | ++ | + | – | – | – | ++ | + |
| Cardiac glycoside | Digoxin | Keller-Killiani | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Coumarin | Warfarin | Fluorescence | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Naphtho- and anthraquinones | Bark of Rhamnus frangula, leaves of Cassia angustifolia M. Vahl | Bornträger | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bornträger (modified) | Morsy, 2014 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Flavonoids | Quercetin | Aluminium chloride | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | + | ++ | + |
| Shinoda | Sarla et al., 2012 | +++ | – | – | – | + | ++ | – | – | – | + | ++ | ||
| Alkaline reagent | Roopalatha and Vijay Mala, 2013 | +++ | – | – | + | ++ | +++ | – | – | + | ++ | ++ | ||
| Lead acetate | Morsy, 2014 | +++ | – | – | – | +++ | + | – | – | – | +++ | +++ | ||
| Tannins and phenolic compounds | Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) | Iron(III) chloride | Sarla et al., 2012 | +++ | – | – | ± | +++ | ++ | – | – | ± | +++ | ++ |
| Gelatine | Sarla et al., 2012 | +++ | – | – | ± | ++ | – | – | – | ± | ++ | – | ||
HEX, hexane extract; DCM, dichloromethane extract; EA, ethyl acetate extract; MET, methanolic extract; AQ, aqueous extract.
+++ = High, ++ = Moderate, + = Low ± = inconclusive; RC = result for the reference compound.