Table 2.
Co-exposed drugs and metabolites found on toxicology testing among opioid-involved accidental and undetermined fatalities in Rhode Island, July 2016–June 2018
| Opioid overdoses with buprenorphine or norbuprenorphine detected (n = 29) | Opioid overdoses without buprenorphine or norbuprenorphine detected (n = 505) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agent | Count | Percentage | Agent | Count | Percentage |
| Fentanyl | 22 | 75.9% | Fentanyl | 370 | 73.3% |
| Norfentanyl | 21 | 72.4% | Norfentanyl | 264 | 52.3% |
| Cocaine | 12 | 41.4% | Cocaine | 190 | 37.6% |
| Benzoylecgonine | 12 | 41.4% | Benzoylecgonine | 175 | 34.7% |
| Cannabinoids | 9 | 31.0% | Cannabinoids | 126 | 25.0% |
| Ethanol | 9 | 31.0% | Total morphine | 107 | 21.2% |
| Levamisole | 9 | 31.0% | Levamisole | 107 | 21.2% |
| Free morphine | 9 | 31.0% | Free morphine | 106 | 21.0% |
| Methylecgonine | 8 | 27.6% | Methylecgonine | 106 | 21.0% |
| Total morphine | 8 | 27.6% | Ethanol | 101 | 20.0% |
The top ten substances for each exposure category are shown. The number is greater than the total number of cases due to multiple exposures in individual decedents