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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Emerg Nurs. 2020 Oct 3;47(1):88–100.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.07.012

Table 4:

Distribution of Self-Reported Driving Behaviors by Intervention Group and Time

Intervention group

Total Population LCO-D LCO-ND HE-D HE-ND

N Mean (SD) Median (IQR) N Mean (SD) Median (IQR) N Mean (SD) Median (IQR) N Mean (SD) Median (IQR) N Mean (SD) Median (IQR)
Hand held cell phone use (average days per month)
    Baseline 60 0.78 (1.70) 0 (0, 1) 15 0.67 (1.40) 0 (0, 1) 16 0.5 (0.73) 0 (0, 1) 15 1.27 (2.81) 0 (0, 1) 14 0.68 (1.23) 0 (0, 1.5)
    1-month 58 2.22 (4.3) 0 (0, 2) 14 2.79 (5.59) 0 (0, 2) 16 2.56 (4.40) 0 (0, 3.5) 15 1.6 (3.07) 0 (0, 3) 13 1.92 (4.23) 0 (0, 2)
    3-month 55 2.44 (5.13) 0 (0, 2) 14 1.86 (4.05) 0 (0, 2) 15 3.6 (6.62) 0 (0, 5) 13 3.08 (6.51) 0 (0, 1) 13 1.08 (1.61) 0 (0, 1)
    6-month 56 3.07 (5.48) 1 (0, 4.50) 13 3.31 (7.10) 0 (0, 3) 15 3.87 (6.58) 1 (0, 5) 15 3.4 (4.52) 1 (0, 5) 13 1.54 (3.04) 0 (0, 1)

Hands free cell phone use (average days per month)
    Baseline 60 1.08 (2.17) 0 (0, 1.5) 15 0.87 (2.59) 0 (0, 0) 16 0.88 (1.36) 0 (0, 1.5) 15 0.97 (1.88) 0 (0, 2) 14 1.68 (2.77) 0.5 (0, 2)
    1-month 58 2.16 (4.51) 0 (0, 2) 14 1.71 (2.89) 0 (0, 5) 16 1.69 (3.16) 0 (0, 2) 15 2.40 (4.91) 0 (0, 2) 13 2.92 (6.76) 0 (0, 0)
    3-month 55 2.65 (4.84) 0 (0, 3) 14 2.79 (5.49) 0 (0, 1) 15 4.47 (5.72) 3 (0, 10) 13 1.15 (2.19) 0 (0, 0) 13 1.92 (4.73) 0 (0, 0)
    6-month 55 3.16 (5.03) 1 (0, 4) 13 3.00 (4.40) 0 (0, 6) 15 5.07 (6.94) 2 (0, 9) 14 2.21 (3.53) 0.5 (0, 3) 13 2.15 (4.24) 0 (0, 3)

Read text (average days per month)
    Baseline 60 1.86 (4.61) 0 (0, 2) 15 2.53 (7.10) 0 (0, 2) 16 1.06 (1.69) 0 (0, 1.5) 15 2.2 (4.49) 0 (0, 2) 14 1.68 (3.94) 0 (0, 1)
    1-month 58 2.88 (5.53) 0 (0, 2) 14 4.21 (7.62) 0.5 (0, 2) 16 2.63 (5.19) 1 (0, 2.5) 15 2.53 (4.47) 0 (0, 3) 13 2.15 (4.72) 0 (0, 1)
    3-month 55 4.22 (7.00) 1 (0, 4) 14 3 (6.85) 0.5 (0, 2) 15 4.6 (6.67) 2 (0, 6) 13 5.54 (8.53) 2 (1, 4) 13 3.77 (6.41) 1 (0, 3)
    6-month 56 4.48 (6.26) 2 (0, 5.50) 13 4.38 (7.53) 1 (0, 4) 15 5.93 (7.27) 3 (1, 10) 15 4.93 (6.12) 3 (0, 10) 13 2.38 (3.12) 1 (0, 4)

Send text (average days per month)

    Baseline 60 1.61 (4.43) 0 (0, 1) 15 2.27 (7.16) 0 (0, 1) 16 0.63 (1.63) 0 (0, 0) 15 2.07 (3.58) 0 (0, 4) 14 1.54 (3.9) 0 (0, 1)
    1-month 58 1.76 (4.49) 0 (0, 1) 14 3.14 (7.28) 0 (0, 1) 16 1.38 (2.70) 0 (0, 1.5) 15 1.27 (3.86) 0 (0, 0) 13 1.31 (2.95) 0 (0, 1)
    3-month 55 2.82 (6.25) 0 (0, 2) 14 1.86 (5.39) 0 (0, 0) 15 3.8 (6.86) 0 (0, 5) 13 3 (8.18) 0 (0, 2) 13 2.54 (4.5) 0 (0, 2)
    6-month 56 2.82 (5.22) 0 (0, 3.50) 13 1.62 (4.25) 0 (0, 0) 15 4.87 (7.41) 1 (0, 10) 15 2.47 (4.6) 0 (0, 3) 13 2.08 (3.23) 0 (0, 4)


Highest number of teen passengers

    Baseline 60 1.97 (1.44) 2 (1, 2.5) 15 1.4 (0.99) 1 (1, 2) 16 2.25 (1.34) 2 (1, 2.5) 15 2.2 (1.82) 1 (1, 3) 14 2.00 (1.47) 1.50 (1, 3)
    1-month 58 1.97 (1.14) 2 (1, 2) 14 1.5 (0.94) 1.5 (1, 2) 16 2.13 (1.15) 2 (1, 2.5) 15 2.2 (1.26) 2 (1, 2) 13 2.00 (1.15) 2 (1, 3)
    3-month 55 2.56 (1.41) 2 (1, 3) 14 2.71 (1.64) 2.5 (1, 3) 15 2.40 (0.91) 2 (2, 3) 13 2.62 (1.71) 2 (1, 3) 13 2.54 (1.45) 2 (1, 4)
    6-month 56 3.09 (1.35) 3 (2, 4) 13 2.54 (1.13) 3 (2, 3) 15 3.20 (1.01) 3 (2, 4) 15 3.6 (1.35) 4 (2, 4) 13 2.92 (1.75) 3 (2, 4)