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Schematic representation of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix, showing the biofilm water channels, surfactants, the short and long sugar chains, the different proteins/enzymes and extracellular DNA (eDNA). This intricate 3D net of biomolecules is responsible for the chemical/physical and mechanical characteristics of the biofilm, allowing cell–cell communication, nutrients/gas diffusion and antimicrobial tolerance.
