Table 2.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnosis and risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), nationwide case-control analysis.
| PD cases | Controls | Model 1a | Model 2b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Non-IBS | 56,311 (99.6) | 1,691,716 (99.7) | 1 | 1 |
| IBS | 253 (0.4) | 5204 (0.3) | 1.46 (1.29–1.66) | 1.44 (1.27–1.63) |
| Years before index date | ||||
| <5 | 93 (0.2) | 2105 (0.1) | 1.33 (1.08–1.64) | 1.31 (1.06–1.61) |
| ≥5 | 160 (0.3) | 3099 (0.2) | 1.55 (1.32–1.82) | 1.53 (1.30–1.79) |
| <10 | 166 (0.3) | 3331 (0.2) | 1.50 (1.28–1.75) | 1.47 (1.26–1.72) |
| ≥10 | 87 (0.2) | 1873 (0.1) | 1.40 (1.13–1.73) | 1.38 (1.11–1.71) |
| Age at IBS diagnosis, years | ||||
| <50 | 28 (0) | 766 (0) | 1.10 (0.75–1.60) | 1.09 (0.74–1.58) |
| ≥50 | 225 (0.4) | 4438 (0.3) | 1.52 (1.33–1.74) | 1.50 (1.31–1.72) |
| Stratified by sex | ||||
| Male | 89 (0.2) | 1789 (0.1) | 1.49 (1.21–1.85) | 1.47 (1.19–1.82) |
| Female | 164 (0.3) | 3415 (0.2) | 1.44 (1.23–1.69) | 1.42 (1.22–1.67) |
| Stratified by age on the index date, years | ||||
| <70 | 80 (0.1) | 1538 (0.1) | 1.57 (1.25–1.96) | 1.55 (1.24–1.94) |
| 70–79 | 101 (0.2) | 2184 (0.1) | 1.39 (1.14–1.70) | 1.36 (1.12–1.67) |
| ≥80 | 72 (0.1) | 1482 (0.1) | 1.46 (1.15–1.85) | 1.44 (1.13–1.82) |
aConditional on birth year and sex.
bAdditionally adjusted for country of birth, highest achieved education, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), comorbidity index.