Table 2.
The daily percentages of CD64-positive neutrophils, CCR2-positive neutrophils, CXCR2-negative neutrophils, apoptosis, and NETosis stratified by sepsis status† (n = 30: septic shock = 19, infection = 11).
| Day | %, Median (95%CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD64-positive neutrophils | CCR2-positive neutrophils | CXCR2-negative neutrophils | Apoptosis | NETosis | ||||||
| Septic shock | Infection | Septic shock | Infection | Septic shock | Infection | Septic shock | Infection | Septic shock | Infection | |
| 1 | 68.90 (37.91–91.32) | 51.10 (26.03–78.33) | 2.08 (1.02–7.67) | 5.00 (2.00–12.90) | 48.60*2 (8.88–67.53) | 2.05 (0.87–6.10) | 0.15 (0.10–0.27) | 0.15 (0.06–0.20) | 0.07 (0.01–0.21) | 0.67 (0.06–1.41) |
| 2 | 71.20*1 (50.10–90.96) | 22.70 (7.58–60.26) | 4.13 (2.49–11.73) | 12.20 (3.89–20.71) | 11.10*2 (3.45–17.75) | 2.14 (1.18–5.19) | 0.20 (0.11–0.28) | 0.13 (0.03–0.23) | 0.09 (0.03–0.34) | 0.19 (0.03–1.92) |
| 3 | 62.25*1 (48.57–79.17) | 36.70 (10.93–63.65) | 7.67 (3.29–25.19) | 21.80 (7.97–29.73) | 3.22 (1.59–28.80) | 1.69 (0.88–3.33) | 0.17 (0.09–0.25) | 0.23 (0.08–0.48) | 0.09 (0.02–0.30) | 0.32*2 (0.14–5.47) |
| 4 | 48.50*1 (34.50–56.19) | 19.90 (3.27–40.09) | 10.20 (5.24–15.97) | 18.70 (2.93–30.11) | 3.35 (2.13–9.81) | 1.52 (0.79–3.30) | 0.29 (0.12–0.49) | 0.43 (0.04–0.78) | 0.25 (0.09–1.00) | 1.20 (0.16–9.71) |
| 5 | 23.25*2 (12.02–39.93) | 12.50 (3.91–14.86) | 6.28 (4.68–9.82) | 8.85 (5.09–16.89) | 5.37 (2.25–11.82) | 2.39 (1.16–4.25) | 0.29 (0.11–0.50) | 0.18 (0.09–0.91) | 0.41 (0.16–1.36) | 0.95 (0.16–5.58) |
| 6 | 26.50 (17.07–41.28) | 12.35 (3.70–33.54) | 4.00 (1.73–11.93) | 8.54 (3.98–20.97) | 5.91 (3.49–25.27) | 3.54 (1.20–6.17) | 0.24 (0.10–0.57) | 0.25 (0.07–0.76) | 0.42 (0.05–1.42) | 1.76 (0.10–6.27) |
| 7 | 19.30 (7.62–61.10) | 7.44 (3.65–19.43) | 2.45 (1.14–10.43) | 6.32 (2.27–22.68) | 6.69 (3.02–12.36) | 4.32 (0.99–8.04) | 0.43 (0.15–1.38) | 0.24 (0.12–0.27) | 0.84 (0.06–2.84) | 0.84 (0.03–8.66) |
| 14 | 17.00 (8.96–86.80) | N/A | 2.38 (1.52–17.53) | N/A | 4.46 (1.91–14.29) | N/A | 0.43 (0.17–0.88) | N/A | 2.16*3 (0.08–4.67) | N/A |
†Neutrophil functions, including the percentages of “dysfunction neutrophils” (i.e., CD64-positive neutrophils, CCR2-positive neutrophils, and CXCR2-negative neutrophils); the percentages of apoptosis; and the percentages of NETosis, were measured from peripheral blood neutrophils daily for seven consecutive days using flow cytometry. One additional blood sample at Day 14 was collected in septic shock patients to cover their more prolonged clinical courses. T-tests or Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were applied to compare the measurement of neutrophil functions between septic shock and infection groups, as appropriate. In septic shock groups, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were used to compare the measurement of neutrophil functions between Day 7 and Day 14.
*1 p-value < 0.05 from t tests, compared with infection group.
*2 p-value < 0.05 from Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests, compared with infection group.
*3 p-value < 0.05 from Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests, compared with Day 7 in the septic shock group.
CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor 2; CD64, cluster of differentiation 64; CI, confidence interval; CXCR2, C-X-C chemokine receptor 2; N/A, not applicable.