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. 2020 Dec 23;8:607415. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607415

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Copyright © 2020 Gonda, Namba and Hanashima.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Functions of Slit-Robo signaling in various events during neocortical development. During development, pyramidal projection neurons are directly generated from the aRGCs in the VZ (1: Direct neurogenesis) or via intermediate progenitors (2: Indirect neurogenesis). In indirect neurogenesis, bIPs give rise to neurons with multipolar processes (MP neurons) and then the MP neurons transform into bipolar (BP) neurons (3: MP-BP transition). The BP neurons migrate along the basal processes of the aRGCs toward the CP (4: Locomotion). When the BP neurons reach the upper part of the CP, they detach from the basal processes and migrate a short distance to the pial surface (5: Terminal translocation). Then, the neurons develop dendrites (6: Dendrite formation) followed by spine formation on the dendrites (7: Spine formation). Orange arrows indicate the involvement of Slit-Robo signaling and/or srGAP. Red and blue arrows indicate the activation and inactivation of molecules/signals, respectively. aRGC, apical radial glial cell; bIP, basal intermediate progenitor; BP, bipolar; CP, cortical plate; IZ, intermediate zone; MP, multipolar; MZ, marginal zone; N-cad, N-cadherin; SVZ, subventricular zone; VZ, ventricular zone.