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. 2020 Dec 23;14:599646. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.599646

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Copyright © 2020 Marty, Farokhnia, Munier, Mulpuri, Leggio and Spigelman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of GLP-1 analogs (liraglutide and semaglutide) co-administered with a GLP-1R antagonist (Ex9-39), compared to vehicle, on EtOH intake, preference, water intake, and body weight. Bars and circles represent the mean and individual data points, respectively. (A–F) Baseline represents the average of 3 presentations prior to vehicle/drug injection. (A) A significant treatment × time-point interaction effect on EtOH intake was found for liraglutide + Ex9-39; under liraglutide + Ex9-39, EtOH intake at the injection day was lower than baseline and 2-day post-injection (+ 2d). (B) A significant treatment × time-point interaction effect on EtOH intake was found for semaglutide + Ex9-39; under semaglutide + Ex9-39, EtOH intake at the injection day was lower than baseline and + 2d, and EtOH intake at + 2d was higher than baseline. (C) A significant treatment × time-point interaction effect on EtOH preference was found for liraglutide + Ex9-39; under liraglutide + Ex9-39, EtOH preference at + 2d was lower than baseline. (D) A significant treatment × time-point interaction effect on EtOH preference was found for semaglutide + Ex9-39; under semaglutide + Ex9-39, EtOH preference at the injection day was lower than baseline and + 2d. (E) A significant treatment × time-point interaction effect on water intake was found for liraglutide + Ex9-39; under liraglutide + Ex9-39, water intake at + 2d was higher than baseline and the injection day. (F) No significant treatment × time-point interaction effect on water intake was found for semaglutide + Ex9-39. (G) Significant changes in body weight were observed under liraglutide + Ex9-39; body weight at + 2d, and + 7d was lower than the body weight measured on injection day (pre-injection). (H) Significant changes in body weight were observed under semaglutide + Ex9-39; body weight at + 2d was lower than the body weight measured on injection day (pre-injection). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.