TABLE 1.
The 24 VIA-character strengths of medical students and physicians from the empirical data (t1).
| VIA-character strengths | Rank | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| MS | P | MS | P | MS | P | MS | P | MS | P | MS | P | MS | P | |
| Appreciation of Beauty and Excellence | 19 | 15 | 3.53 | 3.51 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.33 | −0.11 | −0.04 | −0.50 |
| Bravery | 18 | 20 | 3.55 | 3.43 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.08 | −0.15 | −0.30 | 0.01 |
| Creativity | 21 | 18 | 3.38 | 3.45 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.02 | −0.25 | −0.13 | 0.35 |
| Curiosity | 9 | 8 | 3.84 | 3.84 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.37 | −0.37 | −0.27 | 0.06 |
| Fairness | 3 | 3 | 4.12 | 4.03 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.61 | −0.68 | 0.52 | 0.61 |
| Forgiveness | 17 | 19 | 3.56 | 3.44 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.22 | −0.05 | 0.01 | −0.19 |
| Gratitude | 11 | 14 | 3.71 | 3.53 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.34 | 0.07 | 0.30 | −0.25 |
| Honesty | 1 | 1 | 4.27 | 4.21 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.48 | −0.27 | −0.08 | −0.19 |
| Hope | 10 | 11 | 3.80 | 3.71 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.54 | −0.31 | 0.14 | −0.01 |
| Humility | 22 | 22 | 3.33 | 3.29 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 4.8 | −0.12 | −0.10 | −0.16 | 0.01 |
| Humor | 8 | 10 | 3.86 | 3.71 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.45 | −0.11 | −0.14 | −0.37 |
| Judgment | 4 | 5 | 4.05 | 4.00 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.58 | −0.20 | 0.38 | −0.09 |
| Kindness | 2 | 2 | 4.25 | 4.10 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.61 | −0.18 | 0.38 | −0.27 |
| Leadership | 12 | 12 | 3.70 | 3.66 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | −0.05 |
| Love | 5 | 4 | 3.99 | 4.03 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.71 | −0.82 | 0.48 | 0.90 |
| Love of Learning | 20 | 13 | 3.51 | 3.64 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.10 | −0.09 | −0.65 | −0.29 |
| Perseverance | 7 | 6 | 3.88 | 3.93 | 0.65 | 0.58 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.47 | −0.55 | 0.03 | 0.487 |
| Perspective | 15 | 21 | 3.62 | 3.37 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.05 | 0.06 | −0.40 | 0.21 |
| Prudence | 16 | 16 | 3.57 | 3.49 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 4.8 | −0.35 | −0.16 | −0.12 | −0.24 |
| Self-Regulation | 23 | 23 | 3.27 | 3.15 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 5.0 | 4.8 | −0.04 | −0.19 | −0.51 | −0.14 |
| Social Intelligence | 6 | 7 | 3.91 | 3.89 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.49 | −0.30 | 0.59 | −0.08 |
| Spirituality | 24 | 24 | 2.45 | 2.33 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.54 | 0.56 | −0.39 | −0.32 |
| Teamwork | 13 | 9 | 3.69 | 3.71 | 0.57| 0.50 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.28| −0.31 | 0.52 | 0.54 |
| Zest | 14 | 17 | 3.65 | 3.49 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | −0.31 | −0.21 | −0.08 | −0.25 |
Note. MS, medical students (N = 584); P, physicians (N = 274); SD, Standard deviation.