Table 1.

Overview of three adolescent studies used in this analysis.

	TDS	TSS	Project MINA
Ages	11−17	13−17	14−19
Recruitment	A high adversity group of youth were recruited from the child welfare system in Lane County with caseworker approval. These adolescents were currently in foster or kinship care, or youths with open cases in the child welfare system still living with their biological parents.	A high adversity group of youth with a likely history of or confirmed exposure to abuse and/or neglect were recruited via a child advocacy center in the Portland Metro Area or individuals from the broader community reporting a history of abuse and/or neglect.	Participants reported one or more binge events (girls consuming 3+ drinks, boys consuming 4+ drinks per drinking occasion) in the past two months.
	A comparison group was recruited from Lane County community with no history of involvement with the child welfare system.	A comparison group was recruited from the Portland Metro Area with no history of trauma.
Exclusion criteria related to medications and substance exposure	Medications were documented, including their type and dose, as well as frequency and duration of use.	No current use of medications that could affect the central nervous system (e.g., psychotropic medication). No excessive substance use (cutoff scores varied by age and gender, see Appendix A for cutoffs that sought to exclude for moderate to high levels of substance use) or maternal use of alcohol (>2 drinks in a week) and any maternal use of nicotine or other drugs during pregnancy.	No use of recreational drugs more than 3 times total, including prescription medications in the past month (exceptions: cannabis, tobacco, and e-cigarette products). No same day alcohol or cannabis use.
Psychiatric or neurological disorders	Participants were excluded for autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified; schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, seizure disorders, central nervous system infection (e.g. meningitis), brain tumors, muscular or myotonic dystrophy, and significant visual impairment. They were not excluded for current or prior mood, behavior, and anxiety disorders, including but not limited to depression, bipolar disorder, ADD/ADHD, and oppositional defiant or conduct disorder.	Participants were excluded if they met criteria for DSM-IV bipolar disorder, history of psychosis, substance use disorder, as assessed by the study team; reported autism spectrum disorder; major neurological or medical illness or significant head trauma (loss of consciousness > 2 min); uncorrectable vision or hearing impairments, or color blindness; intellectual disability. They were also excluded if there was a reported history of psychotic disorders in their biological parents.	Participants were excluded if they had a history of brain injury or neurological diagnoses (including loss of consciousness ≥2 min) or a current psychotic or neurodevelopmental disorder.
Misc	Participants must be right-handed. All were fluent in English.	Participants must be right-handed. They were excluded for current trauma, premature birth (<34 weeks gestation), or low birth weight (<5 lbs.). All were fluent in English.	Participants must not be left-handed. All were fluent in English.
MRI-related	Participants were excluded for MRI contraindications. Participants were not scanned if they reported that they might be pregnant.