Supplemental Figure S9.

Shikonin inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and glycolysis. A: Protein expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and HSC activation markers in primary HSCs treated with shikonin. B: LX-2 cells were treated with shikonin for 24 hours. Glucose in the medium and lactate in the cells are detected to evaluate the aerobic glycolysis. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus DMSO. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1; PDGFRβ, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin.