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. 2020 Nov;190(11):2267–2281. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.002

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Shikonin inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and proliferation in vitro. A: Shikonin inhibits cell proliferation of LX-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. B: The mRNA level of activated HSC markers in LX-2 cells treated with 0.2 μmol/L shikonin for 24 hours. C: The protein level of activated HSC markers in LX-2 cells treated with shikonin (0.2 and 0.5 μmol/L) for 24 hours. D and E: The cell cycle distribution (D) and apoptotic fraction (E) in LX-2 cells treated with 0.5 μmol/L shikonin for 24 hours is analyzed by flow cytometry. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus control. Ctrl, control; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1; PDGFRβ, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β; PI, propidium iodide; SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; V-FITC, annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate.