Table 2.
Brief-COPE results
| Brief-COPE factors, subscalesa, and items | Cronbach’s alpha | N (%) using the coping strategy | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal system | Self-sufficient coping factor [23] | ||
| Acceptance subscale | 0.50 | 29 (96.7) | |
| 20. Accept that it has happened | 28 (93.3) | ||
| 24. Learn to live with it | 29 (96.7) | ||
| Active subscale | 0.68 | 28 (93.3) | |
| 2. Doing something about the situation I’m in | 26 (86.7) | ||
| 7. Try to make situation better | 25 (83.3) | ||
| Planning subscale | 0.65 | 27 (90.0) | |
| 14. Come up with strategy about what to do | 25 (83.3) | ||
| 25. Think hard about what steps to take | 27 (90.0) | ||
| Positive reframing subscale | 0.66 | 26 (86.7) | |
| 12. Try to see it in a different light | 25 (83.3) | ||
| 17. Look for something good | 25 (83.3) | ||
| Humor subscale | 0.81 | 19 (63.3) | |
| 18. Make jokes about it | 18 (60.0) | ||
| 28. Make fun of the situation | 16 (53.3) | ||
| Avoidant coping factor [23] | |||
| Self-distraction subscale | 0.72 | 28 (93.3) | |
| 1.Turn to work or other activities as distraction | 27 (90.0) | ||
| 19. Do something to think about it less | 26 (86.7) | ||
| Self-Blame Subscale | 0.77 | 19 (63.3) | |
| 13. Criticize myself | 19 (63.3) | ||
| 26. Blame myself for things that happened | 7 (23.3) | ||
| Behavioral disengagement subscale | 0.71 | 10 (33.3) | |
| 6. Give up trying to deal with it | 7 (23.3) | ||
| 16. Give up the attempt to cope | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Denial subscale | 0.57 | 8 (26.7) | |
| 3. Say to myself “this is not real” | 5 (16.7) | ||
| 8. Refuse to believe it happened | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Environmental system | Socially supported coping factor [23] | ||
| Instrumental support subscale | 0.64 | 26 (86.7) | |
| 10. Get help and advice from others | 24 (80.0) | ||
| 23. Get advice or help about what to do | 20 (66.7) | ||
| Emotional support subscale | 0.79 | 25 (83.3) | |
| 5. Get emotional support from others | 24 (80.0) | ||
| 15. Comfort and understanding from someone | 20 (66.7) | ||
| Venting subscale | 0.68 | 23 (76.7) | |
| 9. Say thing to let unpleasant feelings escape | 17 (56.7) | ||
| 21. Express negative feelings | 22 (73.3) | ||
| Religion subscale | 0.85 | 15 (50.0) | |
| 22. Find comfort in religion or spiritual belief | 13 (43.3) | ||
| 27. Pray or meditate | 15 (50.0) |
After dichotomizing item responses into “I do not do this at all” and all others, the N (%) for each item and subscale were determined
aThe N (%) for the substance use subscale (items 4 and 11) were 3 (10%) and 2 (6.7%), respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha for the substance use subscale was 0.88