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Spatial K+ buffering of astrocytes in tripartite synapses. Astrocytes uptake extracellular K+ secreted from neurons and release K+ in regions with lower K+ levels by coupling into a syncytium through gap junctions. The K+ buffering mechanism is corelated with glutamate uptake and water transport by astrocytes. EAAT, excitatory amino acid transporters; AQP4, aquaporin 4. Modified from Ohno et al. (25).
