Table 2.
Overview of the studies included
| Setting | Sample size | Instruments and informant/s | Mental health outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of psychiatric disorder with diagnostic interview or symptom count score | ||||
| Ashaba et al. (2018) | South-Western Uganda HIV clinic attached to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital and University of Science and Technology |
n = 224 |
MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescentsa | Major depressive disorder: 16% Suicidality (past month): 14% (4% low, 6% medium, 4% high risk) |
| Bankole et al. (2017) | South Nigeria Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) |
n = 150 (75 ALHIV, 75 controls; only 31 ALHIV included) |
MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescentsa | Depressive disorder: 41.9% |
| Kim et al. (2015) | Malawi two large HIV clinics: one in South-Eastern Malawi, one in Lilongwe |
n = 562 |
Children´s Depression Rating Scale, Revised (CDRS-R)a | Depressive disorder: 18.9% |
| Kinyanda et al. (2019) | Uganda 5 HIV clinics in Central and South-Western Uganda |
n = 1 339 (patients and caregivers; only 479 ALHIV included) | Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5)b, caregiver-reported Youth´s Inventory-4R (YI-4R)b, self-reported |
Any psychiatric disorder: 23.8% Any behavioral disorder: 12.4% Any emotional disorder: 18.2% Major depressive disorder: 5.2% Any anxiety disorder: 14.7% ADHD: 6.4% (either caregiver- or self-report) |
| Assessment of psychological symptoms or behavior with screening scales | ||||
| Gentz et al. (2017) | Namibia Pediatric ARV Clinic of a State Hospital in Katutura, Windhoek |
n = 99 |
SDQ, self-reportedb | Emotional and behavioral difficulties (past 6 months): 12.2% scored in the abnormal range, 16.3% in the borderline range |
| Kemigisha et al. (2019) | South-Western Uganda Mbarara Municipal Council Health Center IV and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) |
n = 336 |
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)a | Depressive symptoms: 45.8% (42.5% in males; 47.8% in females) Age 10–14: 37.4% Age 15–19: 62.3% Suicidal ideation (past 6 months): 7.7% |
| Lyambai and Mwape (2018) | Zambia Choma General Hospital, a second level referring hospital |
n = 103 |
SDQ, self- and parent-reporteda | Emotional and behavioral difficulties (past 6 months): 29.2% (self-reported) v. 34.3% (parent-reported) scored in the abnormal range |
| Menon et al. (2009) | Zambia University Teaching Hospital Lusaka 5 other clinics in the district 5 basic schools (grade 5–9) |
n = 547 (127 ALHIV, 420 controls; only ALHIV included) |
SDQ, self-reporteda | Emotional and behavioral difficulties (past 6 months): 29.1% (ALHIV) v. 27.8% (controls) scored in the abnormal and borderline range |
| Ng et al. (2015) | Rwanda catchment area of two district hospitals, rural Rwanda |
n = 683 (218 ALHIV, 228 adolescents with an HIV-positive caregiver, 237 unaffected adolescents; only ALHIV included) |
Youth Self-Report (YSR), internalizing subscaleb | Suicidal ideation and behavior (6 months): 21.1% in ALHIV Suicidal behavior (6 months): 21% in HIV-positive and HIV-affected adolescents v. 13% in unaffected adolescents |
| Okawa et al. (2018) | Zambia University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka |
n = 190 |
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)a, short form | Depressive symptoms: 25.3% |
| Smith Fawzi et al. (2016) | Rwanda catchment area of two district hospitals, rural Rwanda |
n = 193 (subsample from Ng et al.) |
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)b | Depressive symptoms: 26% |
| Vreeman et al. (2015) | Western Kenya 8 healthcare facilities for HIV treatment |
n = 285 |
SDQ, self-reporteda Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)a |
Emotional and behavioral difficulties (past 6 months): 5% scored in the abnormal range and 4% in the borderline range Depressive symptoms: 19% (15% minimal, 3% minor, 2% moderate/severe symptoms) |
| Combined use of screening scales and diagnostic interviews | ||||
| Musisi and Kinyanda (2009) | Uganda Child and Adolescent Clinic, specialized in HIV care, in Kampala |
n = 82 |
SRQ-25a psychiatric interview |
Significant psychological distress (past 30 days): 51.2% Depressive disorder: 40.8% Anxiety disorder: 45.6% Somatization: 18% Suicide attempts (12 months): 17.1% Suicide attempts (lifetime): 19.5% |
| Woollett et al. (2017) | South Africa 5 pediatric ARV clinics serving adolescents in Johannesburg |
n = 343 |
Child Depression Inventory (CDI)a, short version Revised Children´s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS)a Child PTSD Checklista MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interviewa, suicidality subscale |
Symptomatic for Depression: 14% Anxiety: 25% PTSD: 5% Symptomatic for any disorder: 27% Suicidal ideation (past month): 24% Suicidal behavior (past month): 5% |