Table 1.

Summary of interactions between ionic liquids and biomolecules and responsible functionality/moiety.

Type of interactions	Responsible group/moiety on ionic liquids
Hydrophobic interactions	Hydrophobic surfaces of protein/DNA and alkyl chain on cation
Disulphide (S-S) interactions	Anion and protein linkage
Hydrogen bonding interactions	Anion and electron donor moiety on protein and DNA bases
Electrostatic interactions	Cation with P=O bonds on DNA strands and anion with negatively charged surface on protein
NH—π interactions	Aromatic cation and DNA bases