Table 2.
Sensitivity analysis excluding energy misreporters and participants who had made drastic dietary changes prior to baseline examinations, after which 16,781 participants remained.
| Stroke | Coronary events | Atrial fibrillation | Aortic stenosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intake | n | Cases/PY | HR (95% CI) | Cases/PY | HR (95% CI) | Cases/PY | HR (95% CI) | Cases/PY | HR (95% CI) |
| Added sugar, E% | |||||||||
| <5 | 1,246 | 107/23,760 | 1 | 115/23,899 | 1 | 190/23,488 | 1 | 33/24,293 | 1 |
| 5–7.5 | 3,092 | 293/60,381 | 1.01 (0.81–1.27) | 336/60,330 | 1.07 (0.87–1.33) | 473/59,322 | 0.88 (0.75–1.05) | 74/61,662 | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) |
| 7.5–10 | 4,455 | 438/87,454 | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 469/87,325 | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 759/85,698 | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 106/89,656 | 0.70 (0.47–1.04) |
| 10–15 | 5,978 | 604/116,375 | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) | 674/116,298 | 0.95 (0.78–1.17) | 978/114,228 | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | 166/119,044 | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) |
| 15–20 | 1,597 | 182/30,403 | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | 185/30,346 | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | 288/29,883 | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 29/31,331 | 0.53 (0.31–0.89) |
| >20 | 413 | 65/7,417 | 1.57 (1.12–2.19) | 67/7,460 | 1.28 (0.94–1.76) | 63/7,535 | 0.86 (0.64–1.16) | 11/7,787 | 0.77 (0.37–1.58) |
| P-trend | 0.04 | 0.66 | 0.87 | 0.20 | |||||
| Treats, servings/week | |||||||||
| ≤2 | 1,496 | 158/27,352 | 1 | 180/27,502 | 1 | 226/27,180 | 1 | 35/28,175 | 1 |
| >2–5 | 4,236 | 408/82,251 | 0.85 (0.71–1.02) | 453/82,303 | 0.92 (0.77–1.09) | 667/80,850 | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 107/84,070 | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) |
| >5–8 | 4,590 | 452/89,914 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 496/89,827 | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 728/88,482 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 120/92,039 | 0.94 (0.63–1.38) |
| >8–14 | 4,869 | 505/95,240 | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) | 526/95,233 | 0.82 (0.68–0.97) | 846/93,307 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 119/97,639 | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) |
| >14 | 1,590 | 166/31,032 | 0.80 (0.63–1.01) | 191/30,793 | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 284/30,333 | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 38/31,847 | 0.74 (0.45–1.21) |
| P-trend | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.61 | 0.08 | |||||
| Toppings, servings/week | |||||||||
| ≤2 | 1,783 | 146/35,137 | 1 | 174/35,013 | 1 | 252/34,585 | 1 | 36/35,799 | 1 |
| >2–7 | 4,237 | 381/83,694 | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | 386/83,971 | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 622/82,515 | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | 90/85,626 | 0.97 (0.65–1.44) |
| >7–14 | 4,699 | 448/91,414 | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 462/91,538 | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 782/89,599 | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 130/93,327 | 1.22 (0.83–1.79) |
| >14–28 | 4,216 | 476/81,319 | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 526/81,030 | 0.90 (0.75–1.098) | 763/79,466 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 119/83,542 | 1.17 (0.78–1.74) |
| >28 | 1,846 | 238/34,225 | 1.30 (1.04–1.63) | 298/34,105 | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 332/33,988 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 44/35,477 | 1.09 (0.68–1.77) |
| P-trend | <0.01 | 0.34 | 0.82 | 0.76 | |||||
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, servings/week | |||||||||
| ≤1 | 9,609 | 968/185,693 | 1 | 1,041/185,809 | 1 | 1,608/182,216 | 1 | 243/190,184 | 1 |
| >1–3 | 3,595 | 332/71,326 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 370/71,146 | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 555/70,123 | 0.94 (0.86–1.04) | 86/72,854 | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) |
| >3–5 | 1,524 | 146/29,797 | 0.95 (0.80–1.14) | 170/29,672 | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 246/29,191 | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 40/30,446 | 1.02 (0.72–1.44) |
| >5–8 | 1,053 | 115/20,430 | 1.07 (0.87–1.30) | 130/20,466 | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 171/20,260 | 0.97 (0.82–1.13) | 26/21,096 | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) |
| >8 | 1,000 | 128/18,542 | 1.24 (1.02–1.51) | 135/18,565 | 1.03 (0.86–1.25) | 171/18,362 | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | 24/19,191 | 0.94 (0.61–1.47) |
| P-trend | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.91 | 0.75 | |||||
E%, Energy percentage. PY, Person-years. HR, Hazard ratio. The associations were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model and are expressed as HR with a 95% confidence interval and P-value for the linear trend. All analyses were carried out with adjustment according to the main model: age, sex, season of dietary assessment, diet method, energy intake, smoking status, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and dietary habits including intake of processed meat, coffee, saturated fatty acids, and fiber density.