Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| ASD (n = 20) | TD (n = 20) | Group comparisons | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | χ2 or t | P value | Cohen’s d | |
| Gender (M/F)a | 17/3 | 15/5 | 0.6 | 0.43 | – | ||
| Handedness (R/L)a | 18/2 | 18/2 | 0.0 | 1.0 | – | ||
| Age (year) | 15.0 ± 2.4 | 12.5–20.0 | 15.3 ± 2.0 | 11.8–20.0 | −0.4 | 0.68 | 0.13 |
| Full Scale IQ (WASI-II) | 104.8 ± 18.0 | 59–136 | 111.2 ± 14.1 | 88–135 | −1.3 | 0.22 | 0.40 |
| Verbal IQ (WASI-II) | 104.1 ± 16.0 | 68–131 | 110.9 ± 13.6 | 85–135 | −1.5 | 0.15 | 0.46 |
| Nonverbal IQ (WASI-II) | 106.9 ± 22.7 | 54–156 | 108.8 ± 14.0 | 80–128 | −0.3 | 0.75 | 0.10 |
| ADOS-2 Total | 10.9 ± 3.3 | 6–20 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Social Affect | 8.9 ± 3.4 | 3–19 | |||||
| Repetitive Behaviors | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 0–9 | – | – | – | – | – |
| ADI-R Social Interaction | 17.9 ± 4.7 | 9–25 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Communication | 14.1 ± 4.1 | 8–21 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Repetitive Behaviors | 5.7 ± 2.3 | 1–9 | – | – | – | – | – |
| WIAT-III Word Reading | 106.4 ± 13.5 | 80–128 | 110.8 ± 8.4 | 97–129 | −1.2 | 0.23 | 0.39 |
| CELF-5 Core Language | 102.4 ± 15.7 | 62–135 | 108.9 ± 13.2 | 76–127 | −1.4 | 0.17 | 0.46 |
| SRS-2 Total | 72.7 ± 9.7 | 52–90 | 45.3 ± 6.0 | 38–58 | 10.7 | <.001 | 3.4 |
| SCQ | 17.1 ± 7.1 | 3–35 | 3.3 ± 4.2 | 0–18 | 7.5 | <.001 | 2.4 |
| BRIEF-2 Global Executive Composite | 66.9 ± 7.8 | 54–84 | 47.6 ± 9.1 | 36–68 | 7.2 | <.001 | 2.3 |
Group comparisons were conducted with independent samples t-tests, except for categorical variablesa, which were performed using χ2 tests. Cohen’s d was calculated as a standardized mean difference between two groups of independent observations for the sample. SD, standard deviation; F = female; M = male; L = left; R = right; Values for IQ (WASI-II), WIAT-III, and CELF-5 are standard scores with a normative mean of 100 and SD of 15; values for SRS-2 and BRIEF-2 are T-scores with a mean of 50 and SD of 10.