Table 4.
Factors predicting variceal bleeding episodes in the entire set of patients with PVTT (n = 206)
| Variable | Without variceal bleeding | With variceal bleeding | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 196) | (n = 10) | HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 55.6 ± 9.5 | 52.9 ± 7.9 | 0.979 | 0.916–1.045 | 0.523 | |||
| Male | 173 (88.3) | 8 (80.0) | 2.023 | 0.428–9.566 | 0.374 | |||
| Hypertension | 42 (21.4) | 2 (20.0) | 0.997 | 0.210–4.723 | 0.997 | |||
| HBV infection | 173 (88.3) | 10 (100.0) | ||||||
| Child-Pugh class | ||||||||
| A (reference) | 174 (88.8) | 10 (100.0) | ||||||
| B | 22 (11.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| NSBBs | 36 (18.4) | 2 (20.0) | 1.283 | 0.270–6.090 | 0.754 | |||
| PT (INR) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.956 | 1.191–3.210 | 0.008 | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.774 | 0.112–5.355 | 0.795 | |||
| Platelet count (×103/uL) | 140.1 ± 64.2 | 127.2 ± 51.4 | 0.996 | 0.985–1.007 | 0.528 | |||
| AST (IU/L) | 57.5 ± 48.8 | 48.3 ± 26.4 | 0.995 | 0.976–1.013 | 0.576 | |||
| ALT (IU/L) | 43.9 ± 40.8 | 40.2 ± 29.1 | 0.997 | 0.975–1.018 | 0.758 | |||
| Ascites | 18 (9.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Number of tumors | ||||||||
| Single (reference) | 109 (55.6) | 6 (60.0) | 1.0 | – | – | |||
| Multiple | 87 (44.4) | 4 (40.0) | 1.151 | 0.316–4.194 | 0.831 | |||
| Tumor size (cm) | 7.1 ± 3.5 | 8.4 ± 4.9 | 1.237 | 0.258–5.929 | 0.790 | |||
| Serum AFP (ng/ml) | 13,429.2 ± 45,167.2 | 8230.8 ± 18,268.5 | 1.154 | 0.976–1.364 | 0.093 | |||
| Extrahepatic metastasis | 41 (20.9) | 2 (20.0) | 0.998 | 0.976–1.021 | 0.875 | |||
| Degree of PVTT | ||||||||
| Vp2 (reference) | 74 (37.7) | 2 (20.0) | 1.0 | – | – | |||
| Vp3 | 45 (23.0) | 3 (30.0) | 2.464 | 0.406–14.924 | 0.327 | |||
| Vp4 | 77 (39.3) | 5 (50.0) | 2.965 | 0.567–15.497 | 0.198 | |||
| Primary anti-HCC treatment | ||||||||
| TACE | 133 (67.9) | 7 (70.0) | 1.174 | 0.302–4.574 | 0.817 | |||
| Radiotherapy | 52 (26.5) | 2 (20.0) | 0.753 | 0.160–3.554 | 0.720 | |||
| Sorafenib | 9 (4.6) | 3 (30.0) | 11.615 | 2.809–48.030 | 0.001 | 5.676 | 1.273–25.300 | 0.023 |
| High-risk varices | 49 (25.0) | 9 (90.0) | 31.323 | 3.928–249.782 | 0.001 | 26.432 | 3.230–216.289 | 0.002 |
Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, or frequency (percentage)
PVTT portal vein tumor thrombosis, HR hazards ratio, CI confidence interval, HBV hepatitis B virus, NSBB nonselective beta-blocker, PT prothrombin time, INR international normalized ratio, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, and TACE transarterial chemoembolization