. 2020 Sep 9;70:105345. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105345

Table 2.

Change in free amino acids content (FAA) induced by ultrasonic power.^a, ^b

FAA content (g/100 g)	Samples
FAA content (g/100 g)	Control	UAT-200 W	UAT-400 W	UAT-600 W
Essential FAA
Threonine	0.85 ± 0.02^c	0.96 ± 0.02^b	1.12 ± 0.05^a	1.14 ± 0.04^a
Valine	0.81 ± 0.04^b	0.91 ± 0.03^a	0.92 ± 0.07^a	0.95 ± 0.05^a
Methionine	0.47 ± 0.01^c	0.53 ± 0.04^b	0.60 ± 0.03^a	0.60 ± 0.02^a
Isoleucine	0.84 ± 0.01^c	0.96 ± 0.03^b	1.04 ± 0.01^a	1.05 ± 0.02^a
Leucine	1.58 ± 0.02^c	1.75 ± 0.01^b	1.96 ± 0.03^a	1.99 ± 0.02^a
Phenylalanine	0.97 ± 0.08^b	0.99 ± 0.04^b	1.05 ± 0.02^a	1.05 ± 0.07^a
Lysine	1.71 ± 0.13^c	1.92 ± 0.07^b	2.12 ± 0.01^a	2.11 ± 0.03^a
Total	7.24 ± 0.17^c	8.02 ± 0.16^b	8.81 ± 0.18^a	8.89 ± 0.14^a
Non-essential FAA
Aspartic acid	1.65 ± 0.12^c	1.85 ± 0.17^b	2.18 ± 0.12^a	2.24 ± 0.11^a
Serine	0.70 ± 0.04^c	0.78 ± 0.02^b	0.88 ± 0.05^a	0.90 ± 0.03^a
Glutamic acid	2.63 ± 0.13^c	3.10 ± 0.14^b	3.51 ± 0.11^a	3.52 ± 0.27^a
Proline	1.45 ± 0.04^c	1.79 ± 0.07^a	1.66 ± 0.01^b	1.70 ± 0.04^b
Glycine	0.78 ± 0.01^d	0.85 ± 0.04^c	0.95 ± 0.01^b	1.02 ± 0.02^a
Alanine	1.12 ± 0.14^b	1.24 ± 0.10^a	1.24 ± 0.12^a	1.24 ± 0.11^a
Cysteine	0.09 ± 0.01^b	0.11 ± 0.01^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.12 ± 0.04^a
Tyrosine	0.63 ± 0.02^c	0.70 ± 0.01^b	0.80 ± 0.08^a	0.84 ± 0.03^a
Histidine	0.90 ± 0.04^b	0.91 ± 0.03^b	1.01 ± 0.02^a	0.99 ± 0.02^a
Arginine	1.13 ± 0.04^c	1.32 ± 0.05^b	1.45 ± 0.05^a	1.46 ± 0.01^a
Total	11.08 ± 0.11^d	12.65 ± 0.12^c	13.80 ± 0.07^b	14.03 ± 0.09^a
Total FAA	18.32 ± 0.41^c	20.67 ± 0.37^b	22.61 ± 0.43^a	22.92 ± 0.27^a
EFAA/NEFAA	65.34 ± 0.34^a	63.40 ± 0.14^b	63.84 ± 0.61^b	63.36 ± 0.74^b

UAT: ultrasonic-assisted thawing.

Values followed by different small letters within the same row denote significant differences (P < 0.05).