Table 1.

Variation in pH, electrical conductivity (mS/cm⁻¹), temperature (^oC), and an average increase in temperature of laccase cross-linking α-LA and US-α-LA emulsion. α-LA, control (0 min); Laccase cross-linking US-α-LA (15 min); Laccase cross-linking US-α-LA (30 min); Laccase cross-linking US-α-LA (60 min) and without laccase cross-linking, ultrasound pretreated α-LA, Control (0 min); US-α-LA (15 min); US-α-LA (30 min) and US-α-LA (60 min).

Treatments	pH	Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm−1)	Temperature (oC)	‾xc (oC)
α-LA + Lac 0 min	7.0 ± 0.1b	3.16 ± 0.02a	23.5 ± 0.1e	–
α-LA + Lac 15 min	7.1 ± 0.1a	3.27 ± 0.01a	28.4 ± 0.1d	4.9
α-LA + Lac 30 min	7.1 ± 0.1a	3.32 ± 0.01a	31.2 ± 0.1a	7.7
α-LA + Lac 60 min	7.2 ± 0.1a	3.22 ± 0.01a	31 ± 0.1a	7.5
α-LA-0 min	7.0 ± 0.1b	1.16 ± 0.1b	24 ± 0.2e	–
US-α-LA 15 min	7.1 ± 0.1a	1.11 ± o.1c	31.1 ± 0.15a	7.1
US-α-LA 30 min	7.2 ± 0.1a	1.16 ± 0.1b	29.5 ± 0.1c	5.5
US-α-LA 60 min	7.1 ± 0.1a	1.04 ± 0.1d	30.1 ± 0.2b	6.1

Each value represents the mean of three independent experiments. Different superscript small letters indicate statistical significance at a value of (p < 0.05).

^cIndicates the average increase in temperature after each different treatment.