Table 4.
The cross tables of smoking attributes with χ2 test statistics and p value
| Frequency of heartbeat rate vs class of smokers | Class of smokers | Test statistics | |||||
| Chain smoker | Smokes sometimes | More than three times per day | Row total | χ2 | P value | ||
| Frequency of heartbeat rate (%) | Low | 0 | 0 | 100 | 25 | 160.00a | 0.000 |
| High/others | 68.3 | 31.7 | 0 | 75 | |||
| Suffering from diseases vs started smoking at age level in year | Started smoking at age level in year | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Below 10 | 10–15 | Above 15 | Row total | 117.936a | 0.000 | ||
| Suffering from diseases (%) | Gastric problem | 70 | 0 | 30 | 68.8 | ||
| Fever/headache/others | 10 | 80 | 10 | 31.3 | |||
| Category of smoking particles vs suffering from diseases | Category of smoking articles | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Bidis | Low-price cigarettes/high-price cigarettes/others | Row total | 104.603a | 0.000 | |||
| Suffering from diseases (%) | Gastric problem | 95.5 | 4.5 | 68.8 | |||
| Fever/headache/others | 16 | 84 | 31.3 | ||||
| Gender vs class of smokers | Class of smokers | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Chain smoker | Smokes sometimes | More than three times per day | Row total | 1.396 | 0.498 | ||
| Gender (%) | Male | 52.3 | 24.6 | 23.1 | 81.3 | ||
| Female | 46.7 | 20 | 33.3 | 18.8 | |||
| Class of smokers vs wards of the smokers | Class of smokers | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Chain smoker | Smokes sometimes | More than three times per day | Row total | 0.107 | 0.999 | ||
| Wards (%) | Ward-7 | 52.7 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 34.4 | ||
| Ward-10 | 50.9 | 23.6 | 25.5 | 34.4 | |||
| Ward-20 | 50.0 | 24 | 26 | 31.3 | |||
| Causes of smoking vs class of smokers | Class of smokers | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Chain smoker | Smokes sometimes | More than three times per day | Row total | 289.356a | 0.000 | ||
| Causes of smoking (%) | Addiction | 100 | 0 | 0 | 48.8 | ||
| Depression | 4.9 | 0 | 95.1 | 25.6 | |||
| Influence of friends/others | 4.9 | 92.7 | 2.4 | 25.6 | |||
| From which person did you learn smoking? vs started smoking at age level in year | Started smoking at age level in year | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Below 10 | 10 – 15 | Above 15 | Row total | 2.092 | 0.351 | ||
| Learnt smoking from (%) | Friends | 49.3 | 26.8 | 23.9 | 86.3 | ||
| Father/brothers/others | 63.6 | 13.6 | 22.7 | 13.8 | |||
| Profession of the smokers vs started smoking at age level in year | Started smoking at age level in year | χ2 | P value | ||||
| Below 10 | 10 – 15 | Above 15 | Row total | 40.553a | 0.000 | ||
| Profession (%) | Student/ labour | 37.4 | 44 | 18.7 | 56.9 | ||
| Service/others | 69.6 | 0.0 | 30.4 | 43.1 | |||
All the cell frequencies are given in raw percentage, and raw totals are given in percentage of grand total. Although some of the cell frequencies were 0, all the expected frequencies were greater than 5 and a (p < 0.01) indicates significant at 1% level