Table 2.
Micronutrient and inflammatory status of cases and controls N = 324
| Characteristics | Gender | Cases Male-N = 81% BF > 28.6 Female-N = 79%BF > 33.7 |
Controls Male-N = 80% BF ≤28.6 Female-N = 84%BF ≤ 33.7 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | Male | 16.19 ± 5.06 | 17.72 ± 4.47 | 0.045a* |
| Female | 14.21 ± 4.13 | 17.09 ± 4.93 | < 0.001a** | |
| Vitamin A (μg/dL) | Male | 61.94 ± 16.28 | 60.72 ± 17.62 | 0.647a* |
| Female | 63.13 ± 20.29 | 60.92 ± 17.41 | 0.461a** | |
| Vitamin E (μg/mL) | Male | 4.01 (2.9,5.2) | 3.64 (2.9,5.1) | 0.629b* |
| Female | 3.96 (2.9,5.4) | 3.44 (2.2,4.7) | 0.057b** | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | Male | 36.19 (23.6,46.7) | 19.3 (8.4,29.5) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 31.76 (21.6,40.5) | 26.73 (16.7,39.5) | 0.211b** | |
| Total folate (serum) | Male | 4.58 ± 1.43 | 5.36 ± 1.46 | 0.007a* |
| (ng/mL) | Female | 4.72 ± 1.56 | 5.34 ± 1.44 | 0.055a** |
| Folate (RBC) | Male | 239.01 (173.2,274.1) | 189.29 (163.1, 236.9) | 0.002b* |
| (ng/mL) | Female | 234.39 (171.2,268.6) | 208.91 (169.4,259.9) | 0.303b** |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | Male | 11.71 (10,12.8) | 10.58 (8.7,11.8) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 11.92 (8.6,12.7) | 11.23 (7.4,12.2) | 0.004b** | |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | Male | 1.70 (1.6,1.9) | 1.82 (1.7,1.9) | 0.004b* |
| Female | 1.68 (1.5,1.8) | 1.82 (1.7, 2.0) | < 0.001b** | |
| Copper (μg/dL) | Male | 142.77 (123.3, 159.7) | 111.56 (90.5,135.9) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 137.71 (102.5, 158.4) | 112.87 (82.8,133.3) | < 0.001b** | |
| Zinc (μg/dL) | Male | 68.78 (57.7,83.3) | 64.20 (51.4, 73.8) | 0.025b* |
| Female | 63.02 (54.4,72.2) | 65.71 (45.3,76.2) | 0.797b** | |
| Selenium (μg/dL) | Male | 9.51 (8.4,10.2) | 8.70 (7.2,10.5) | 0.260b* |
| Female | 8.86 (6.9,10.2) | 8.92 (7.0, 10.2) | 0.784b** | |
| Iron (μg/dL) | Male | 61.93 (55.2,79.5) | 90.84 (71.8,105.5) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 70.24 (54.3,86.4) | 94.88 (79.9,104.8) | < 0.001b** | |
| Chromium (μg/dL) | Male | 0.67 (0.32, 0.85) | 0.21 (0.05,0.72) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 0.54 (0.14, 0.71) | 0.33 (0.11,0.74) | 0.249b** | |
| Manganese (μg/dL) | Male | 0.28 (0.13, 0.61) | 0.21 (0.09, 0.45) | 0.187b* |
| Female | 0.20 (0.11, 0.37) | 0.27 (0.09,0.67) | 0.143b** | |
| Cobalt (μg/dL) | Male | 0.018 (0.004, 0.05) | 0.02 (0.01,0.04) | 0.551b* |
| Female | 0.013 (0.004, 0.03) | 0.02 (0.01,0.04) | 0.121b** | |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | Male | 1.38 (0.4,3.4) | 0.16 (0.08,0.5) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 1.29 (0.6,2.6) | 0.18 (0.05,1.03) | < 0.001b** | |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | Male | 9.84 (5.5,14.8) | 2.19 (0.9,5.3) | < 0.001b* |
| Female | 15.09 (9.7,21.1) | 3.71 (2.1,6.6) | < 0.001b** |
RBC Red blood cell, hs-CRP High Sensitivity C-reactive protein, BF Body fat. The children with hs-CRP level > 10 mg/L excluded in ferritin and hs-CRP analysis, *Differences between male cases and controls, **Differences between female cases and controls, aIndependent sample t-test compared mean ± SD bMann-Whitney U test compared median (inter quartile range), statistically significant at p < 0.05