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. 2021 Jan 6;21:14. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02473-3

Table 3.

Daily median intake of nutrients of cases and controls N = 257

Nutrients intake/day Gender Cases
M(N = 54)/F(N = 63)
Controls M(N = 63)/F(N = 77) p value
Energy (Kcal) Male 1908.19 (1614.7,2265.9) 1876.58 (1526.2, 2250.2) 0.299*
Female 2109.10 (1805.9,2446.6) 1768.78 (1518.4, 2318.8) 0.003**
% Energy from CHO Male 74.17 (70.5,76.7) 73.20 (68.3,75.9) 0.137*
Female 74.92 (70.9,78.2) 72.74 (70.8,77.4) 0.491**
% Energy from protein Male 12.15 (11.4,13.3) 12.31 (11.3,13.4) 0.588*
Female 11.99 (11.0,13.0) 12.01 (11.1,13.4) 0.588**
% Energy from fat Male 12.77 (10.5,16.1) 15.13 (10.3,17.8) 0.260*
Female 12.61 (9.3,16.2) 13.63 (9.4,16.1) 0.392**
Vitamin A (μg RAE) Male 918.33 (531.9,1432.3) 805.80 (580.9,1059.1) 0.394*
Female 690.8 (418.3,993.1) 778.92 (484.2,1059.7) 0.447**
Vitamin D (IU) Male 10.33 (6.3,19.1) 7.55 (3.7,15.8) 0.071*
Female 10.56 (5.4,16.0) 9.50 (5.1,14.4) 0.253**
Vitamin E (mg) Male 4.86 (3.2,7.5) 5.18 (3.0,7.0) 0.702*
Female 4.24 (2.2,6.5) 3.56 (2.4,6.2) 0.620**
Folate (μg) Male 72.04 (46.7,123.8) 104.23 (59.9,143.9) 0.064*
Female 88.51 (54.5,126.7) 96.48 (47.5,142.4) 0.637**
Zinc (mg) Male 5.40 (4.0,6.7) 5.26 (4.1,6.3) 0.983*
Female 6.10 (4.9,7.6) 5.33 (4.0,6.9) 0.097**
Selenium (μg) Male 50.65 (31.5,57.3) 42.28 (32.3,55.4) 0.163*
Female 55.82 (41.1,73.3) 47.5 (36.0,61.0) 0.062**
Calcium (mg) Male 432.25 (350.5,705.6) 525.81 (363.0,780.9) 0.372*
Female 478.07 (232.7,763.4) 421.20 (293.7,629.2) 0.810**
Magnesium (mg) Male 150.93 (107.2,225.7) 157.41 (99.8,251.1) 0.794*
Female 156.06 (100.5,216.1) 148.73 (103.6,217.5) 0.870**
Iron (mg) Male 14.64 (10.1,19.0) 15.36 (12.0,19.8) 0.415*
Female 15.42 (12.9,18.2) 13.78 (11.4,19.0) 0.275**
Copper (μg) Male 605.04 (412.6,840.0) 675.34 (415.9,1015.1) 0.455*
Female 601.02 (411.7,932.2) 624.32 (410.7,980.1) 0.558**
Chromium (μg) Male 29.72 (6.7,51.7) 21.59 (3.1,39.0) 0.035*
Female 26.18 (7.8,41.2) 21.65 (6.8,41.6) 0.781**
Manganese (mg) Male 2.54 (1.9,3.6) 2.34 (1.6,3.4) 0.424*
Female 2.65 (2.0,3.4) 2.58 (1.7,3.3) 0.447**
Cobalt (μg) Male 2.81 (1.9,3.3) 2.42 (1.7,3.1) 0.194*
Female 2.61 (1.7,3.9) 3.27 (2.3,4.2) 0.059**

CHO Carbohydrate, RAE Retinol activity equivalent, Kcal Kilo calories, IU International unit

The total sample of N = 257 included in this analysis of dietary nutrient intake after excluding the under reporters

*Differences between male cases and controls, **Differences between female cases and controls, Mann-Whitney U test compared median (interquartile range)