Table 1.
Participant demographics and test results
| Cognitively normal | Mild cognitive impairment | Mild dementia | F/χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (n) | 19 | 14 | 24 | ||
| Sex (M/F) | 9/10 | 9/5 | 9/15 | 2.55 | 0.28 |
| Age (years) | 71.5 (7.6) | 71.6 (4.2) | 69.9 (9.2) | 0.30 | 0.74 |
| Education (years) | 17.7 (2.1) | 17.3 (1.9) | 15.8 (2.4)* | 4.71 | 0.013 |
| CDR-global | 0 (0) | 0.5 (0)*** | 0.88 (0.22)***,††† | 194.90 | < 0.0001 |
| CDR-SB | 0 (0) | 2.32 (1.03)*** | 5.25 (1.52) ***,††† | 119.72 | < 0.0001 |
| GDS | 0.68 (0.82) | 2.79 (2.15)* | 1.50 (1.84) | 6.40 | 0.003 |
| UPSIT | 34.05 (5.86) | 22.64 (9.79)** | 21.09 (6.95)*** | 17.35 | < 0.0001 |
| MMSE | 29.21 (1.13) | 26.29 (2.89)* | 21.46 (2.98)***,††† | 52.88 | < 0.0001 |
| LMII | 13.58 (4.38) | 3.57 (2.98)*** | 0.25 (0.44)***,† | 113.55 | < 0.0001 |
| RAVLT-delay | 11.05 (2.80) | 2.14 (2.71)*** | 0.29 (0.69)***,† | 143.61 | < 0.0001 |
| Episodic memory (z-score) | 1.25 (0.52) | −0.35 (0.39)*** | −0.78 (0.08)***,† | 177.54 | < 0.0001 |
| APOE ɛ4 copy number (n) | 14.95 | 0.005 | |||
| 2 copies | 0 (0%) | 5 (35.7%) | 5 (20.8%) | ||
| 1 copy | 4 (21.1%) | 4 (28.6%) | 12 (50.0%) | ||
| 0 copies | 15 (78.9%) | 5 (35.7%) | 7 (29.2%) |
Data for continuous variables are mean (SD). Data for APOE copy number are n (percent). F statistics and P values are from one-way ANOVA significance tests. χ2 statistics and P values for counts are from χ2 significance tests. Post hoc unpaired t-tests after one-way ANOVA for continuous variables were Bonferroni corrected for 3 diagnostic groups. * denotes significant group differences between either amnestic mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal or mild dementia and cognitively normal. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001, *** P < 0.0001. † denotes significant group differences between mild dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. † P < 0.05, †† P < 0.001, ††† P < 0.0001. Episodic Memory was calculated by averaging the z-scores of the RAVLT and LMII. Abbreviations: CDR-global clinical dementia rating global score, CDR-SB clinical dementia rating sub of boxes, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, LMII Logical Memory II score, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, APOE Apolipoprotein E