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. 2021 Jan 6;22:23. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03873-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Changes in pressure pain threshold following SMT. Within-group mean changes in pressure pain threshold (kPa) for 50, 30, and 0% improvement in disability and patient-reported low back pain. Estimates are presented as means with 95% confidence intervals for each time-point and within-group significance level (p < 0.05) - presented as: * = Significant changes in responders from baseline to post-SMT. ** = Significant changes in responders from baseline to follow-up. # = Significant changes in non-responders from baseline to post-SMT. ## = Significant changes in non-responders from baseline to follow-up. SMT = Spinal manipulative therapy