Table 4.
Risk factors associated with IVH in univariable and multivariable analysis (N = 120)
| Risk factor | Risk factor present n (%) |
No IVH (N = 79) n (%) |
Any IVH (N = 41) n (%) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antepartum | |||||
| Multiple pregnancy | 47 (39.2) | 34 (43.0) | 13 (31.7) | 0.61 (0.27–1.3) | 0.54 (0.23–1.22) |
| Maternal HIV | 7 (5.8) | 3 (3.8) | 4 (9.8) | 2.59 (0.54–13.76) | 1.90 (0.38–10.41) |
| Antepartum steroids (2 doses) | 6 (5.0) | 6 (7.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0–6.19) | 0 (0–1.05) |
| Antepartum steroids (any doses) | 54 (45) | 39 (49.4) | 15 (36.6) | 0.55 (0.25–1.20) | 0.63 (0.27–1.47) |
| Intrapartum | |||||
| Vaginal delivery | 98 (81.7) | 60 (75.9) | 38 (92.7) | 4.011 (1.26–17.89) | 3.50 (1.01–16.45) |
| Outborn | 56 (46.7) | 39 (49.4) | 17 (41.5) | 1.376 (0.65–2.98) | 1.87 (0.80–4.57) |
| Neonatal | |||||
| Male | 60 (50.0) | 41 (52.9) | 19 (346.3) | 0.80 (0.37–1.70) | 0.69 (0.15–3.12) |
| Admission weight < 1500 ga | 62 (51.7) | 38 (48.1) | 24 58.5) | 1.52 (0.71–3.30) | 0.67 (0.15–2.93) |
| Gestation < 32 weeksb | 41 (34.2) | 27 (34.2) | 14 (34.1) | 1.00 (0.45–2.27) | 6.70 (1.6–31.02) |
| SGA (<10th centile) | 51 (42.5) | 33 (41.8) | 18 (43.9) | 1.09 (0.50–2.36) | 2.6 (0.79–9.42) |
| Resuscitation at delivery | 13 (10.8) | 11 (13.9) | 2 (4.9) | 0.32 (0.05–1.26) | 0.36 (0.05–1.47) |
| Resuscitation in NU | 10 (8.3) | 3 (3.8) | 7 (17.1) | 5.22 (1.36–25.34) | 5.10 (1.23–26.36) |
| Respiratory distress within 4 h of admission | 49 (40.8) | 29 (36.7) | 20 (48.8) | 1.64 (0.76–3.55) | 1.43 (0.581–3.48) |
| bCPAP | 38 (31.7) | 20 (25.3) | 18 (43.9) | 2.31 (1.04–5.17) | 2.09 (0.84–5.27) |
| hsPDA | 20 (16.7) | 10 (12.7) | 10 (24.4) | 2.23 (0.83–5.97) | 1.89 (0.68–5.24) |
| Hypothermia (< 36 degrees) in 1st 24 h | 84 (70.0) | 53 (67.1) | 31 (75.6) | 1.46 (0.63–3.56) | 1.17 (0.45–3.16) |
| Hypoxia (< 90% saturation in air) at presentation | 47 (39.2) | 31 (39.2) | 16 (39.0) | 0.99 (0.45–2.15) | 1.00 (0.43–2.33) |
aAdjusted for sex and gestational age, badjusted for sex and weight. All other variables adjusted for sex, gestational age and weight