Table 1. . List of rickettsial effectors.

Effector	Function	Secretion system	Ref.
Pat1	Phospholipase activity, and host–cell infection	ND	[62]
Pat2	Phospholipase activity, and host–cell infection	ND	[63]
TlyC	Membranolytic activity and likely involved in endosomal escape of Rickettsia	ND	[33,103]
Pld	Endosomal lysis and escape of Rickettsia into host cytosol	ND	[33]
VapC	Exhibits RNase activity	ND	[54]
RalF	Activation of Arf6, actin remodeling and recruitment of phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 at the host plasma membrane	T4SS	[56–58]
RickA	Activation of Arp2/3 complex, and actin-based motility	ND	[37,44]
Sca4	Binds to vinculin and helps in intracellular spread of Rickettsia	ND	[43]
RARP1	Unknown	Sec-TolC dependent	[64]
RARP2	Localizes to host endoplasmic reticulum. Function unknown	T4SS	[65]

ND: Not determined.