Distribution of oral gargle and tumor biopsy. (a) EPB41L3, (b) HPV 16 L1, (c) HPV 16 L2, and (d) HPV 16 E2 methylation levels among oropharyngeal cancer cases comparing oral gargle vs. tumor biopsy and early vs. late disease presentation: (a-i) EPB41L3—controls and cases (*Wilcoxon signed rank test, oral gargle vs. tumor; **p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test, control vs. oral gargle or control vs. tumor); (a-ii) EPB41L3—early vs. late cases (*all comparisons p > 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test); (b-i) HPV 16 L1—cases only (*Wilcoxon signed rank test); (b-ii) HPV 16 L1—early vs. late cases (*all comparisons p > 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test); (c-i) HPV 16 L2—cases only (*Wilcoxon signed rank test); (c-ii) HPV 16 L2—early vs. late cases (*p < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test); (d-i) HPV 16 E2—cases only (*Wilcoxon signed rank test). (d-ii) HPV 16 E2—early vs. late cases (*all comparisons p > 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test).