Table 4.
Variable | Multivariable model | P-value |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | ||
Chronic respiratory diseases (model 1) | 1.19 (0.86, 1.64) | 0.299 |
Chronic respiratory diseases: sensitivity analyses (model 2) | ||
COPD | 1.56 (1.06, 2.2) | 0.024 |
Asthma | 1.03 (0.76, 1.41) | 0.834 |
Interstitial lung disease | 1.83 (0.74, 4.55) | 0.193 |
Lung cancer | 1.82 (0.80, 4.14) | 0.154 |
Lung disease d/t external agent | 3.54 (1.70, 7.38) | < 0.001 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 0.47 (0.06, 3.94) | 0.486 |
Tuberculosis of lung | 1.65 (0.48, 5.64) | 0.423 |
Age, 10 year increase | 2.85 (2.40, 3.38) | < 0.001 |
Income level | ||
Q1 (Lowest) | 1 | |
Q2 | 0.96 (0.59, 1.57) | 0.882 |
Q3 | 1.08 (0.70, 1.65) | 0.739 |
Q4 (Highest) | 0.89 (0.652, 1.30) | 0.554 |
Unknown | 0.67 (0.18, 2.54) | 0.560 |
Sex, male | 2.12 (1.55, 2.88) | < 0.001 |
Residence | ||
Seoul | 1 | |
Gyeonggi-do | 2.26 (0.75, 6.86) | 0.148 |
Daegu | 2.60 (0.74, 9.16) | 0.136 |
Gyeongsangbuk-do | 2.40 (0.77, 7.49) | 0.133 |
Other area | 1.69 (0.50, 5.72) | 0.401 |
Underlying disability | 1.33 (0.94, 1.89) | 0.109 |
Charlson comorbidity index, model 2 | 1.80 (1.32, 2.44) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.36 (0.89, 2.06) | 0.153 |
DM without chronic complication | 1.87 (1.35, 2.59) | < 0.001 |
DM with chronic complication | 1.61 (1.06, 2.45) | 0.027 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1.19 (0.81, 1.76) | 0.76 |
Renal disease | 1.47 (0.87, 2.47) | 0.148 |
Rheumatic disease | 0.58 (0.30, 1.12) | 0.107 |
Dementia | 1.61 (1.11, 2.32) | 0.011 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1.04 (0.73, 1.49) | 0.818 |
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 1.92 (1.03, 3.59) | 0.040 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 5.12 (1.32, 19.90) | 0.018 |
Mild liver disease | 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) | 0.170 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.57 (0.38, 0.87) | 0.009 |
Congestive heart failure | 1.91 (1.38, 2.66) | < 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction | 0.79 (0.47, 1.33) | 0.374 |
Malignancy | 1.07 (0.78, 1.46) | 0.694 |
Metastatic solid tumor | 1.37 (0.85, 2.19) | 0.192 |
AIDS/HIV | 1.43 (0.11, 19.37) | 0.788 |
AUC of the multivariable models: 0.83 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.83)
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus