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. 2021 Jan 6;16(1):e0245114. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245114

Table 2. Association between selected characteristics and current smokeless tobacco use in Nigerian adults.

Variables (N = 9747) Current Smokeless tobacco use status (%) Crude Odds Ratio (cOR) cOR 95% CI P-value
User Non-user
Age group (years) <0.001
65+ 8.3 91.7 39.29 13.44–114.87
45–64 5.1 94.9 23.46 8.04–68.48
25–44 1.3 98.7 5.48 1.86–16.09
15–24 0.2 99.8 1 -
Sex <0.001
Male 3.0 97.0 3.38 2.31–4.93
Female 0.9 99.1 1 -
Residence 0.001
Rural 1.3 98.7 1.85 1.27–2.71
Urban 2.3 97.7 1 -
Level of education* (n = 9735) <0.001
No formal education 2.8 97.2 3.13 1.47–6.65
Primary or less 2.6 97.4 2,83 1.33–6.02
Secondary 1.1 98.9 1.24 0.57–2.70
Post-secondary 0.9 99.1 1 -
Employment status* (n = 9738) <0.001
Employee 1.3 98.7 3.77 1.01–13.99
Self-employed 2.9 97.1 8.27 2.57–26.57
Home maker 0.8 99.2 2.13 0.57–7.99
Retired/Unemployed 2.5 97.5 7.20 2.09–24.82
Student 0.4 99.6 1 -
Region <0.001
South-East 4.7 95.3 23.51 8.89–62.15
North-East 3.0 97.0 14.54 4.81–43.95
North-Central 3.2 96.8 16.02 5.86–43.82
South-West 1.3 98.7 6.22 2.28–16.96
South-South 1.2 98.8 5.74 2.02–16.35
North-West 0.2 99.8 1 -
Risk perception* (n = 9736) <0.001
Not harmful/Don’t know 3.9 96.1 4.01 2.81–5.73
Harmful 1.0 99.0 1 -

*Variables with missing data.

†P-value for the Chi-square test