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Peptidoglycan from pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus suppresses avian β-defensin 9 (AvBD9) expression in primary chicken PBMCs (a) and splenocytes (b). Cells were incubated with S. aureus-derived peptidoglycan at a concentration of 100 µg/ml for 6 h. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the AvBD9 mRNA expression. Values are given as the mean ± SD of two to three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with control group.
