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. 2020 Aug 26;26(8):733–745. doi: 10.1177/1753425920949917

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© The Author(s) 2020

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — Peptidoglycan from L. rhamnosus MLGA triggers no inflammatory response in chicken PBMCs and splenocytes. Chicken PBMCs or splenocytes were stimulated with indicated concentrations of peptidoglycan or its hydrolysate by lysozyme, or 1 μg/ml LPS as a positive control for 6 h. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of IL-1β (a), IL-8 (b), and IL-12p40 (c), and the relative gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCt method with the GAPDH gene as a reference for normalization and presented as fold-expression change relative to the control group. Values are given as the mean ± SD of two to three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with control group.

Figure 4. — Peptidoglycan from L. rhamnosus MLGA triggers no inflammatory response in chicken PBMCs and splenocytes. Chicken PBMCs or splenocytes were stimulated with indicated concentrations of peptidoglycan or its hydrolysate by lysozyme, or 1 μg/ml LPS as a positive control for 6 h. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of IL-1β (a), IL-8 (b), and IL-12p40 (c), and the relative gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCt method with the GAPDH gene as a reference for normalization and presented as fold-expression change relative to the control group. Values are given as the mean ± SD of two to three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with control group.