Table 2.
Prevalence of miscarriage in pregnant women by different baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Participants, n | Miscarriage prevalence, n (%) | P value | |
| Total | 456 | 73 (16.0) | N/Aa | |
| Age group (years) | .85 | |||
|
|
<35 | 384 | 62 (16.1) |
|
|
|
≥35 | 72 | 11 (15.3) |
|
| Educational level | .02 | |||
|
|
High school or below | 88 | 7 (8.0) |
|
|
|
College or above | 368 | 66 (17.9) |
|
| Region | .17 | |||
|
|
Rural | 208 | 28 (13.5) |
|
|
|
Urban | 248 | 45 (18.1) |
|
| Family income, ¥5000-¥10,000 (US $764-$1528) | .06 | |||
|
|
<5000 | 76 | 7 (9.2) |
|
|
|
5000-10,000 | 222 | 44 (19.8) |
|
|
|
>10,000 | 158 | 22 (13.9) |
|
| History of cesarean section | .73 | |||
|
|
No | 394 | 64 (16.2) |
|
|
|
Yes | 62 | 9 (14.5) |
|
| History of preterm birth | .39 | |||
|
|
No | 444 | 70 (15.8) |
|
|
|
Yes | 12 | 3 (25.0) |
|
| History of miscarriage | .57 | |||
|
|
No | 414 | 65 (15.7) |
|
|
|
Yes | 42 | 8 (19.0) |
|
| First pregnancy | .14 | |||
|
|
No | 198 | 26 (13.1) |
|
|
|
Yes | 258 | 47 (18.2) |
|
| Prepregnancy BMI | .13 | |||
|
|
Underweight | 58 | 4 (6.9) |
|
|
|
Normal weight | 270 | 51 (18.9) |
|
|
|
Overweight | 82 | 12 (14.6) |
|
|
|
Obese | 46 | 6 (13.0) |
|
| Smoking | .56 | |||
|
|
Nonsmoker | 420 | 65 (15.5) |
|
|
|
Previous smoker | 32 | 7 (21.9) |
|
|
|
Current smoker | 4 | 1 (25.0) |
|
| Physical activities | .14 | |||
|
|
Never | 82 | 19 (23.2) |
|
|
|
Sometimes | 230 | 30 (13.0) |
|
|
|
Usually | 124 | 22 (17.7) |
|
|
|
Every day | 20 | 2 (10.0) |
|
| Inadequate dietary diversity (DDSb score<7) | .17 | |||
|
|
No | 374 | 64 (17.1) |
|
|
|
Yes | 82 | 9 (11.0) |
|
| Poor sleep quality (PSQIc score>5) | .003 | |||
|
|
No | 282 | 34 (12.1) |
|
|
|
Yes | 174 | 39 (22.4) |
|
| Time spent on reading COVID-19 news (hours) | <.001 | |||
|
|
<0.5 | 23 | 5 (21.7) |
|
|
|
0.5-2 | 247 | 25 (10.1) |
|
|
|
2-3 | 132 | 26 (19.7) |
|
|
|
≥3 | 54 | 17 (31.5) |
|
aN/A: not applicable.
bDDS: dietary diversity score.
cPSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.