Table 1.
Demographics of the subjects according to the presence of plaque.
| Total (n = 801) | Plaque (+) (n = 177, 22.1%) | Plaque (-) (n = 624, 77.9%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 403 (50.3) | 103 (58.2) | 300 (48.1) | 0.018 |
| Age (years) | 57.9 ± 10.3 | 63.3 ± 10.1 | 56.3 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
| Age group, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 40-49 years | 188 (23.6) | 19 (10.1) | 169 (89.9) | |
| 50-54 years | 150 (18.7) | 25 (16.7) | 125 (83.3) | |
| 55-59 years | 123 (15.4) | 19 (15.6) | 103 (84.4) | |
| 60-64 years | 111 (13.9) | 24 (21.6) | 87 (78.4) | |
| 65-69 years | 90 (11.2) | 29 (32.2) | 61 (67.8) | |
| ≥70 years | 138 (17.2) | 61 (44.2) | 77 (55.8) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.5 ± 17.2 | 124.1 ± 18.9 | 123.3 ± 16.6 | 0.637 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.6 ± 11.9 | 75.4 ± 11.8 | 16.9 ± 11.9 | 0.132 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.0 | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.0 | 0.677 |
| Obesity (BMI) | 0.836 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), n (%) | 13 (1.7) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | |
| Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), n (%) | 411 (52.8) | 86 (20.9) | 325 (79.1) | |
| Obese I (25-29.9 kg/m2), n (%) | 317 (40.7) | 73 (23.0) | 244 (77.0) | |
| Obese II (≥30 kg/m2), n (%) | 38 (4.9) | 9 (23.7) | 29 (76.3) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 166 (20.7) | 39 (22) | 127 (20.4) | 0.626 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 401 (50.1) | 112 (63.3) | 289 (46.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 310 (38.7) | 93 (52.5) | 218 (34.9) | <0.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 53 (7.0) | 17 (9.9) | 36 (6.1) | 0.087 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 119.8 ± 43.8 | 129.7 ± 48.5 | 116.9 ± 41.9 | 0.002 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 0.002 |
| Lipid combination | 0.500 | |||
| Normolipidemia, n (%) | 364 (45.7) | 85 (48.0) | 279 (45.1) | |
| Combined hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 17 (2.1) | 6 (3.4) | 11 (1.8) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 32 (4.0) | 4 (2.3) | 28 (4.5) | |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 105 (13.2) | 20 (11.3) | 85 (13.7) | |
| Low HDL cholesterolemia, n (%) | 160 (20.1) | 35 (19.8) | 125 (20.2) | |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) | 118 (14.8) | 27 (15.3) | 91 (14.7) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185.3 ± 33.6 | 176.9 ± 32.2 | 187.7 ± 33.7 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 139.9 ± 122.8 | 134.0 ± 88.9 | 141.6 ± 118.7 | 0.425 |
| HDL, cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.2 ± 12.6 | 50.8 ± 12.7 | 51.3 ± 12.6 | 0.648 |
| LDL, cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.0 ± 30.1 | 104.7 ± 29.2 | 112.8 ± 30.1 | 0.002 |
| Statin, n (%) | 179/553 (32.4) | 72/131 (55) | 107/422 (25.4) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables are shown as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are shown as absolute number and proportions. BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2); HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.