Figure 4.

Double immunostaining with anti-iNOS and anti-Iba-1 antibodies to identify M1 and M2 microglia in the cortex within 1 mm of the lesion in the sham, TBI, and TBI+secretome of ADSCs (TBI+ST) groups 7 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) (a). Cytokine expression levels at 3 and 14 days after TBI were evaluated by qPCR (b, c). iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; Iba-1: ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1; Arg-1: arginase 1. Adapted from a previous study [119], with permission.