| Duration
(mo)
|
0–3 |
3–9 |
9–15 |
15–24 |
| Symptoms and signs |
Painful shoulder movement |
Painful shoulder movement |
Reduced pain with shoulder movement |
Progressive improvement of joint motion |
| Minimal restriction in motion |
Progressive loss of joint motion |
Severely restricted joint motion |
Pain minimal |
| Pain referred to deltoid insertion |
Stiffness |
Stiffness |
|
| Arthroscopic appearance |
Fibrinous synovial inflammatory reaction |
Diffuse, thickened and proliferative synovitis |
Loss of axillary fold |
Fully mature adhesions |
| No adhesions or capsular contracture |
Adhesion formation in the axillary fold extending to the humeral head |
Diminished capsular volume |
Capsular scar |
|
|
No hypervascularity |
|
|
|
Minimal synovitis with maturation |
|
| Pathologic findings |
Hypervascular, hypertrophic synovitis |
Hypervascular, hypertrophic synovitis |
Hypercellular, dense and collagenous tissue with a thin synovial membrane similar to other fibrosing conditions |
Not reported |
| Normal capsular tissue |
Fibroplasia and perivascular scar formation |
Extensive fibroplasia |
|
|
“Burned out” synovitis |
|
|
Scar formation |
