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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Stat Assoc. 2020 Sep 16;1:1–12. doi: 10.1080/01621459.2020.1803883

Table 2:

Average (and standard deviation) of Medicare population size, Medicare health outcome rates, pollutant exposures and confounders in the full dataset, only the discarded/trimmed zipcodes, and the retained/untrimmed zipcodes used for estimation.

Full Dataset Discarded Units Retained Units
Medicare population size 1102.78 (1537.59) 1470.08 (1815.02) 860.2 (1265.74)
FFS person-months 10791.81 (14548.64) 13723.07 (16799.63) 8855.88 (12475.97)
Mortality (rate per 1,000) 52.19 (21.33) 52.66 (22.19) 51.88 (20.75)
Dementia (rate per 1,000) 1.58 (1.28) 1.7 (1.46) 1.5 (1.15)
CVD (rate per 1,000) 6.77 (2.71) 6.8 (2.8) 6.75 (2.65)
Factual PM2.5 (μg/m3) 10.48 (3.79) 11.47 (3.61) 9.83 (3.76)
Factual O3 (ppb) 47.72 (6.58) 47.08 (6.87) 48.15 (6.34)
Counterfactual PM2.5 (μg/m3) 14.12 (5.01) 17.32 (4.7) 12.01 (3.99)
Counterfactual O3 (ppb) 53.57 (7.69) 57.85 (7.56) 50.74 (6.34)
poverty (proportion) 0.11 (0.1) 0.11 (0.11) 0.11 (0.08)
popdensity (per mi2) 1155.93 (4396.92) 2319.84 (6676.24) 387.23 (1086.17)
housevalue (USD) 104021.52 (83107.11) 133984.69 (111102.05) 84232.56 (48290.31)
black (proportion) 0.08 (0.16) 0.09 (0.18) 0.06 (0.14)
income (USD) 40193.35 (15989.31) 45151 (19837.6) 36919.11 (11733.04)
ownhome (proportion) 0.75 (0.15) 0.72 (0.19) 0.78 (0.11)
hispanic (proportion) 0.06 (0.12) 0.08 (0.16) 0.05 (0.1)
education (proportion) 0.38 (0.18) 0.37 (0.19) 0.39 (0.17)
northeast (proportion) 0.18 (0.39) 0.37 (0.48) 0.06 (0.23)
midwest (proportion) 0.32 (0.47) 0.26 (0.44) 0.36 (0.48)
south (proportion) 0.34 (0.47) 0.23 (0.42) 0.42 (0.49)
west (proportion) 0.16 (0.36) 0.14 (0.35) 0.16 (0.37)