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. 2020 Jul 18;36(1):105–114. doi: 10.1007/s00380-020-01669-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Gut microbial features in control subjects and AF patients. a Ratio of GP to GN strains. b Ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (FB). c, d α-Diversity of gut microbiota. e Participants were classified into three enterotypes based on genus level abundance in gut microbiota. f Abundances of the main contributors of each enterotype. g Distribution of control subjects and AF patients in each enterotype. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. GP gram-positive, GN gram-negative, FB ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes