Fig. 5.

TDR directly binds and activates the expression of OsMS188. a QRT-PCR analysis of OsMS188 expression in the inflorescences of the WT, udt1, ostdf1, tdr, bhlh142 and eat1. b Potential binding sites of bHLH transcription factors in the OsMS188 promoter region. The black dots indicate the CANNTG motif. c EMSAs showing that TDR binds to the fragment of the OsMS188 promoter region. The MBP-tagged TDR proteins were mixed with a biotin-labelled probe, and unlabelled probes were used as competitors. The arrowhead indicates a shifted band. d-e The abundance of the shifted band was not reduced by unlabelled competitor probes mixed with bHLH142 and EAT1. f-g Transient dual-luciferase transactivation of the OsMS188 promoter by TDR in protoplasts. Three replicates were assessed, and the Y-axis shows the ratio of Luciferase/Renilla. The errors bar indicate the SDs