Table 3.

Mental health between those participants who were retired and those participants who were not employed but not retired

Total Sample	Retired	Not retired and not employed
	(Mean/SD)	(Mean/SD)	Mean Difference	Effect size Cohen’s d	p
Mental health distress	14.74/6.12	18.86	− 4.12	0.60	< 0.001
	n = 483	n = 536
Psychosocial well being	2.70/0.41	2.88/0.44	− 0.18	0.42	< 0.001
	n = 483	n = 536
Social loneliness	3.79/2.70	4.96/3.22	− 1.75	0.39	< 0.001
	n = 476	n = 535
Emotional loneliness	5.27/2.59	7.05/2.65	− 1.78	0.67	< 0.001
	n = 477	n = 534
Overall loneliness	9.06/4.13	12.01/4.93	− 2.95	0.64	< 0.001
	n = 473	n = 534
Quality of life	6.89/2.18	5.54/2.39	1.34	0.59	< 0.001
	n = 483	n = 536