Table 2.

Diagnostic accuracy of (individual components of) clinical criteria to discriminate the presence of a raised intracranial pressure in patients with severe blunt head injury (n=249)

	Sensitivity	Specificity	LR+	LR−	AUC
Fixed pupil(s)>5 mm	28.7 (19.5–39.4)	96.3 (92.1–98.6)	7.8 (3.3–18.2)	0.7 (0.7–0.9)	0.63 (0.55–0.70)
HR <60 bpm	25.3 (16.6–35.8)	88.3 (82.3–92.8)	2.2 (1.2–3.8)	0.9 (0.7–1.0)	0.57 (0.49–0.64)
SBP >160 mm Hg	49.4 (38.5–60.4)	68.5 (60.8–75.6)	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)	0.59 (0.52–0.67)
HR <60 and SBP >160	11.5 (5.7–20.1)	96.9 (92.9–98.9)	3.7 (1.3–10.6)	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.54 (0.47–0.62)
Fixed pupils>5 mm or (HR <60 and SBP >160)	36.8 (26.7–47.8)	93.2 (88.2–96.6)	5.4 (2.9–10.2)	0.7 (0.6–0.8)	0.65 (0.57–0.73)

AUC, Area Under the Curve; HR, heart rate; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.