Table 2.
Exposure to antidepressant drugs and associated risk
| Exposure | Controls (n=544) n (%) |
Cases (n=136) n (%) |
OR (95% CI); p value Crude model |
OR (95% CI); p value Adjusted model* |
| ATC N06A Antidepressants | 67 (12.3%) | 51 (37.5%) | 4.56 (2.88 to 7.23); p≤0.001 | 2.42 (1.24 to 4.73); p=0.009 |
| ACT N06AA Non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors | 9 (1.6%) | 4 (2.9%) | 1.83 (0.54 to 6.14); p=0.329 | 1.07 (0.18 to 6.46); p=0.945 |
| ATC N06AB Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 41 (7.5%) | 37 (27.2%) | 4.89 (2.87 to 8.33); p≤0.001 | 3.52 (1.67 to 7.41); p≤0.001 |
| ATC N06AX Other antidepressants | 21 (3.9%) | 15 (11.0%) | 2.98 (1.51 to 5.90); p=0.002 | 0.82 (0.27 to 2.48); p=0.719 |
| All non-SSRI antidepressants | 48 (8.8%) | 31 (22.8%) | 3.26 (1.93 to 5.49); p≤0.001 | 1.71 (0.79 to 3.71); p=0.172 |
| Exposure lasting more than 6 months | ||||
| ATC N06AB Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 31 (5.7%) | 27 (19.9%) | 4.68 (2.54 to 8.61); p≤0.001 | 2.64 (1.10 to 6.37); p=0.030 |
| All non-SSRI antidepressants | 40 (7.4%) | 19 (14.0%) | 2.12 (1.16 to 3.84); p=0.014 | 0.95 (0.38 to 2.38); p=0.907 |
| Active principles | ||||
| Paroxetine | 13 (2.4%) | 6 (4.4%) | 1.88 (0.70 to 5.05); p=0.208 | 1.14 (0.28 to 4.58); p=0.857 |
| Sertraline | 10 (1.8%) | 8 (5.9%) | 3.56 (1.32 to 9.60); p=0.012 | 3.88 (1.15 to 13.09); p=0.029 |
| Citalopram | 8 (1.5%) | 10 (7.4%) | 5.00 (1.97 to 12.67); p=<0.001 | 1.48 (0.36 to 6.08); p=0.591 |
| Escitalopram | 10 (1.8%) | 8 (5.9%) | 3.20 (1.26 to 8.11); p=0.014 | 3.23 (0.88 to 11.87), p=0.077 |
| Fluoxetine | 5 (0.9%) | 5 (3.7%) | 4.00 (1.16 to 13.82); p=0.028 | 2.47 (0.39 to 15.79), p=0.338 |
| Venlafaxine | 7 (1.3%) | 5 (3.7%) | 3.05 (0.92 to 10.12); p=0.068 | 1.79 (0.31 to 10.40), p=0.517 |
| Trazodone | 10 (1.8%) | 8 (5.9%) | 3.20 (1.26 to 8.11); p=0.014 | 0.46 (0.07 to 2.86), p=0.402 |
| Amitriptyline | 7 (1.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0.57 (0.07 to 4.64); p=0.601 | 0.10 (<0.01 to 16.73), p=0.381 |
| Mirtazapine | 5 (0.9%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1.60 (0.31 to 8.25); p=0.574 | 0.17 (<0.01 to 4.90), p=0.303 |
| Mianserine | 3 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1.3 3 (0.14 to 12.82); p=0.803 | 0.06 (<0.01 to 15.99), p=0.327 |
*Adjusted by age, sex, previous fracture, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and number of active drugs 4 or higher.
.ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Classification; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.