Table 4.
Probiotics used to treat mental disorders
| Disorders or models | Subjects | Probiotics | Suggested mechanisms | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major depressive disorder (MDD) | Human | Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 | 31 | |
| Mouse (CSDS) | Bifidobacterium | 12 | ||
| Mouse (CUS) | Lactobacillus reuteri | Regulating tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites | 13 | |
| Mouse (ELS) | Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 | Reducing serum corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating DA and 5-TH in PFC | 114 | |
| Rat (CRS) | Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 | Reducing plasma stress hormones, regulating cytokines, and increasing hippocampal BDNF | 115 | |
| Anxiety | Human | Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 | 31 | |
| Human | Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri | 32 | ||
| Human | Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 | Reducing plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing plasma anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing the serotonin pathway | 33 | |
| Human (patients with chronic fatigue syndrome [CFS]) | Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) | 34 | ||
| Mouse (ELS) | Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 | Reducing serum corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating DA and 5-TH in PFC | 114 | |
| Rat (CRS) | Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 | Reducing plasma stress hormones, regulating cytokines, and increasing hippocampal BDNF | 115 | |
| Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | Mouse (shank3 KO) | Lactobacillus reuteri | Regulating GABA receptor and oxytocin expression | 46 |
| Mouse (shank3 KO, BTBR) | Lactobacillus reuteri | Redulating oxytocin expression | 47 | |
| Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | Human | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus fermentum | 72 | |
| Mouse (3xTg) | SLAB51 (Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. brevis) | Reducing oxidative stress by activating SIRT-1 dependent mechanisms | 70 | |
| Rat (b-amyloid injection) | Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, Bifidobacterium lactis, B. longum | 71 | ||
| Social stress | Human | Bifidobacterium longum 1714 | 116 |
CSDS, chronic social defeat stress; CUS, chronic unpredictable stress; ELS, early life stress; CRS, chronic restraint stress.